Regional healthcare resource allocation and decision-making: Evaluating the effectiveness of the three-stage super-efficiency DEA model.

This study addresses the challenge of achieving a more rational allocation of medical resources at the regional level, using Guangxi Province, China, as a case study. A three-stage super-efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model is employed to assess and analyze the effectiveness of resource allocation. The research methodology involves identifying input, output, and environmental variable indicators to construct a healthcare resource allocation index system. The indicator data are processed using Excel software. The three-stage super-efficiency DEA model is then applied to evaluate the healthcare system in Guangxi Province, focusing on Pure Technical Efficiency Change (PEC), Scale Efficiency Change (SEC), Efficiency Change (EC), Technological Change (TC), and Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Finally, the Malmquist index method is utilized to measure and dynamically analyze the efficiency of healthcare resource allocation. The study's results show that, from a static perspective, the average comprehensive efficiency is 1.067 before adjustment and 1.054 after adjustment, indicating relatively high overall efficiency in healthcare resource allocation in Guangxi Province. However, environmental factors and random errors have led to an overestimation of healthcare resource allocation efficiency, which the three-stage super-efficiency DEA model effectively corrects. Additionally, the average SEC and PEC values are 0.997 and 0.998, respectively, both below 1. This indicates that both scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency contribute to a decline in technical efficiency. Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, the conclusions regarding the efficiency of healthcare resource allocation in Guangxi are deemed highly reliable. Despite the influence of uncertain factors, the model consistently provides stable and coherent assessment results in most scenarios. Therefore, special attention is needed to improve scale efficiency in healthcare resource allocation within the region, alongside enhancing management and technological capabilities in the healthcare sector. Overall, this study provides valuable reference and guidance for researchers and practitioners in related fields and offers scientific decision support for healthcare resource allocation.