Veneruso Iolanda, Mennitti Cristina, Gentile Alessandro, Di Bonito Gennaro, Ulisse Jacopo, Scarano Carmela, Lombardo Barbara, Terracciano Daniela, Pero Raffaela, D'Alicandro Giovanni, Frisso Giulia, D'Argenio Valeria, Scudiero Olga
Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
Heliyon. 2024 Nov 23;10(23):e40663. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40663. eCollection 2024 Dec 15.
It has been well established that the human gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in humans' health, since it is involved in nutrients' uptake, vitamins' synthesis, energy harvest, inflammatory modulation, and host immune responses. Moreover, gut microbiota alterations have been associated to an increasing number of diseases and its composition can be affected by several factors, including physical exercise. In particular, it has been reported that intense physical activity can induce metabolic changes which translate in alterations of specific biomarkers that can lead to the onset of infections, inflammation and hepatic or kidney disorders. Recently, the oral microbiota has shown its relevance not only for the health of oral cavity but also for human host's health, emerging as an ecological niche with a great potential for the study of gut microbiome alterations due also to its accessibility respect to other tracts that can be inferred through fecal samples analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study has been to assess the effect of intense physical activity, i.e., elite water polo, on the human salivary microbiota. Thirteen professional water polo players and nineteen sedentary controls were recruited for this study. The salivary microbiota analysis was performed in oral rinse collected from both controls and athletes three months after the beginning of the agonist season. Our results showed significant differences in the salivary microbiota between athletes and controls. In particular, three species, namely , and , were found to be significantly increased in the water polo players compared to controls. Even if these data have to be further validated, also to assess the role of these identified species, they strengthen the hypothesis that elite sports can influence and alter the status of the gut microbiota. Moreover, the saliva is confirmed as a suitable sample for microbiome evaluations that may improve athletes' status evaluation and monitoring.
人类肠道微生物群在人类健康中起着关键作用，这一点已得到充分证实，因为它参与营养吸收、维生素合成、能量获取、炎症调节和宿主免疫反应。此外，肠道微生物群的改变与越来越多的疾病相关，其组成会受到多种因素的影响，包括体育锻炼。特别是，据报道，剧烈的体育活动会引发代谢变化，这些变化会转化为特定生物标志物的改变，进而导致感染、炎症以及肝脏或肾脏疾病的发生。最近，口腔微生物群不仅显示出对口腔健康的重要性，还对人类宿主的健康具有重要意义，它已成为一个生态位，由于其相对于其他可通过粪便样本分析推断的肠道而言更容易获取，因此在研究肠道微生物群改变方面具有巨大潜力。因此，本研究的目的是评估剧烈体育活动，即精英水球运动，对人类唾液微生物群的影响。本研究招募了13名职业水球运动员和19名久坐不动的对照者。在激动剂赛季开始三个月后，对对照者和运动员采集的口腔冲洗液进行唾液微生物群分析。我们的结果显示，运动员和对照者的唾液微生物群存在显著差异。特别是，发现与对照者相比，水球运动员中有三种细菌，即[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]、[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]和[此处原文缺失具体细菌名称]的数量显著增加。即使这些数据需要进一步验证，以评估这些已鉴定细菌的作用，但它们强化了精英运动可以影响和改变肠道微生物群状态的假设。此外，唾液被确认为适合进行微生物组评估的样本，这可能会改善对运动员状态的评估和监测。
