Dewi Indah Saputri, Handayani Estrin, Masithoh Robiul Fitri, Kamal Sodiq, Nugroho Sri Hananto Ponco, Wahyuningtyas Eka Sakti, Amin Muhammad Khoirul, Priyanto Sigit
Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Indonesia.
Wound Study Center (WOSCE), Magelang, Indonesia.
Br J Community Nurs. 2024 Dec 2;29(Sup12):S22-S28. doi: 10.12968/bjcn.2024.0026.
Burns are injuries to the skin or the underlying tissue system caused by heat, radiation, electricity, friction or chemicals. Burns can cause pain and discomfort during dressing changes; a person's pain response varies depending on individual perception. The pain response can indicate tissue damage in the body, as pain causes a person to experience discomfort. Pain can be interpreted as a subjective sensory response and an unpleasant emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is usually managed with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. An example of non-pharmacological therapy is the use of distraction techniques, such as virtual reality (VR). VR diverts pain by creating a 3D environment with a screen and VR glasses. It allows the patient to immerse themselves in a virtual world complete with sound and music. The volume can be adjusted as needed and the patient can interact with the virtual world. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics and effectiveness of VR pain management in burn patients. The method used in this study is a literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Review (PRISMA). The authors searched for journal articles using the Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases, covering the period from 2015-2023. The keywords used were pain management, virtual reality and burn injury. Based on the predetermined inclusion criteria, 10 articles were selected for the review. The results of this study, based on the analysis of 10 articles, indicated that the distraction or transition method (non-pharmacological management using VR) was effective in reducing pain and discomfort during dressing changes in patients with mild to moderate burns, across various age groups from infants and children to adults. Clinicians can leverage VR technology to tailor interventions based on individual patient needs, across all age groups, enhancing patient comfort and engagement during procedures.
烧伤是由热、辐射、电、摩擦或化学物质引起的皮肤或其下组织系统的损伤。换药时烧伤会引起疼痛和不适；人的疼痛反应因个体感知而异。疼痛反应可表明身体组织受损，因为疼痛会使人感到不适。疼痛可被理解为主观的感觉反应以及与实际或潜在组织损伤相关的不愉快情绪体验。疼痛通常采用药物和非药物疗法进行处理。非药物疗法的一个例子是使用分散注意力技术，如虚拟现实（VR）。VR通过带有屏幕和VR眼镜创建3D环境来转移疼痛。它让患者沉浸在一个有声音和音乐的虚拟世界中。音量可根据需要进行调整，患者可以与虚拟世界进行互动。本研究的目的是确定VR疼痛管理在烧伤患者中的特点和有效性。本研究采用的方法是使用系统评价的首选报告项目（PRISMA）进行文献综述。作者使用科学Direct、PubMed和谷歌学术数据库搜索期刊文章，涵盖2015年至2023年期间。使用的关键词是疼痛管理、虚拟现实和烧伤。根据预先确定的纳入标准，选择了10篇文章进行综述。基于对10篇文章的分析，本研究结果表明，分散注意力或转移方法（使用VR的非药物管理）在减轻轻度至中度烧伤患者换药期间的疼痛和不适方面是有效的，适用于从婴儿、儿童到成人的各个年龄组。临床医生可以利用VR技术根据所有年龄组患者的个体需求定制干预措施，在操作过程中提高患者的舒适度和参与度。
