Parks Michael J, Arterberry Brooke J, Patrick Megan E
Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Center City, MN.
Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2025 Jul 22;27(8):1492-1496. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntae271.
Vaping has increased among young adults (YAs), and nicotine dependence prevalence has increased among YAs who vape, in the US. Research on nicotine dependence symptoms (NDS) among YAs who vape remains limited, and accurately measuring NDS and their severity remains a challenge. To date, no research has considered day-to-day NDS, as previous research focuses on retrospective measures.
Daily data came from the Monitoring the Future Vaping Supplement; out of 1244 YAs, we analyzed data from 150 (Mage = 19 [SE = 0.44]; 71.2% non-Hispanic white; 57.8% male) who vaped nicotine at least once during 14 daily surveys (n = 882 nicotine vaping days). The vaping-specific Hooked on Nicotine Checklist measured NDS on nicotine vaping days. Dichotomous and count measures of NDS were used at the day level and aggregated to the person level. Descriptive analyses and multilevel regression models were used. Weights ensured generalizability and adjusted for attrition.
Any NDS were reported on 64.5% of nicotine vaping days (average 1.93 symptoms); 43.3% of nicotine vaping days had more than 1 NDS. Results across persons (rather than days) showed any NDS on 53.8% of nicotine vaping days, and 45.4% YAs reported between 1 and 2 symptoms per vaping day; 23.3% reported 2 + symptoms on average. Multilevel models showed nontrivial variance across days and persons in NDS, and regular vaping at baseline predicted NDS.
Vaping-specific NDS varied across days and persons for any NDS and NDS severity. Future research should consider daily NDS fluctuations, identifying factors that confer risk to inform NDS prevention and treatment among YAs who vape.
NDS and its severity varied across days and persons, demonstrating the utility of daily data. The results were generally similar for experiencing any NDS and NDS severity, but there was slightly more variability across days for any NDS. Intervention and treatment strategies could utilize approaches that identify and address daily symptoms to help curb nicotine dependence. Future research and treatment efforts should also consider the immediate contexts and potential factors that explain particularly elevated NDS on a given day.
在美国，年轻人中吸电子烟的现象有所增加，吸电子烟的年轻人中尼古丁依赖的患病率也有所上升。关于吸电子烟的年轻人中尼古丁依赖症状（NDS）的研究仍然有限，准确测量NDS及其严重程度仍然是一项挑战。迄今为止，尚无研究考虑日常的NDS，因为先前的研究集中在回顾性测量上。
每日数据来自“未来监测电子烟补充调查”；在1244名年轻人中，我们分析了150名（年龄中位数=19岁[标准误=0.44]；71.2%为非西班牙裔白人；57.8%为男性）的数据，他们在14次每日调查中至少有一次吸食尼古丁（共882个尼古丁吸食日）。特定于电子烟的尼古丁成瘾检查表在尼古丁吸食日测量NDS。在日层面使用NDS的二分法和计数测量，并汇总到个体层面。使用描述性分析和多层次回归模型。权重确保了普遍性并对损耗进行了调整。
在64.5%的尼古丁吸食日报告了任何NDS（平均1.93种症状）；43.3%的尼古丁吸食日有不止一种NDS。个体层面（而非日层面）的结果显示，在53.8%的尼古丁吸食日出现了任何NDS，45.4%的年轻人报告每次吸食日有1至2种症状；23.3%的人平均报告有2种以上症状。多层次模型显示，NDS在日和个体之间存在显著差异，基线时经常吸电子烟可预测NDS。
对于任何NDS和NDS严重程度，特定于电子烟的NDS在日和个体之间存在差异。未来的研究应考虑日常NDS波动，确定导致风险的因素，为吸电子烟的年轻人的NDS预防和治疗提供信息。
NDS及其严重程度在日和个体之间存在差异，证明了日常数据的实用性。在经历任何NDS和NDS严重程度方面，结果总体相似，但任何NDS在日之间的变异性略大。干预和治疗策略可以采用识别和解决日常症状的方法，以帮助控制尼古丁依赖。未来的研究和治疗工作还应考虑即时背景和可能解释特定日期NDS特别升高的潜在因素。
