de Oliveira Marllon J K, Babatunde Olufemi O, Rodrigues Lucas A, Erinle Taiwo J, Htoo John K, Mendoza S Maria, Columbus Daniel A
Prairie Swine Centre Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7H 5N9.
Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8.
J Anim Sci. 2025 Jan 4;103. doi: 10.1093/jas/skae374.
Proteolytic fermentation induces negative effects on gut health and function, which may affect pig performance. The objective was to conduct a meta-analysis to develop an index of dietary indigestible dietary protein (IDP) to investigate growth performance outcomes of mixed-sex weanling pigs (average body weight of 7.59 kg). Eighty-nine articles reporting growth performance variables [average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain:feed ratio (GF), initial (IBW), and final body weight] in pigs fed different dietary protein (DP) content (from 12% to 33.6%) and protein sources (plant and animal) were included. DP and IDP index was calculated in all experiments using a common database, with the IDP index defined as the difference between total DP and standardized ileal digestible DP. A DP- and an IDP-based model were developed to predict the ADG, GF, and ADFI (by their relationship) of weaning pigs using a multivariable linear mixed model regression approach with estimates of variable effects obtained using the residual maximum likelihood method. Based on a stepwise manual forward selection, significant predictor variables with improvement of at least 2 points in the Bayesian information criterion were included in the final regression model. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 and a trend at P < 0.10. Initial exploratory analysis of the database showed a quadratic increase (P < 0.01) in the IDP index with increasing inclusion of plant protein sources in diet formulation and a linear decrease (P < 0.01) in the IDP index with increasing synthetic amino acid inclusion. Regarding the models, the DP-based model could not account for the inclusion of protein sources compared to the IDP-based model. There was a tendency for DP to positively affect (P < 0.10) ADG and GF. Increasing the IDP index tended to negatively impact (P < 0.10) ADG while reducing (P < 0.05) ADFI. Using a practical and hypothetical feed formulation simulation, the final regression models predicted the expected negative impact of a high IDP index on newly weaned pig performance when compared to a low IDP diet. The IDP-based model predicted a stronger negative effect of high IDP when compared to the DP-based model. Results indicate that IDP may be an improved and more reliable index to investigate the impact of DP on pig performance in the postweaning phase.
蛋白水解发酵会对肠道健康和功能产生负面影响，这可能会影响猪的生长性能。本研究的目的是进行一项荟萃分析，以建立一个日粮中难消化蛋白（IDP）指数，从而研究混合性别断奶仔猪（平均体重7.59千克）的生长性能结果。纳入了89篇报告不同日粮蛋白质（DP）含量（12%至33.6%）和蛋白质来源（植物性和动物性）的猪的生长性能变量[平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）、料重比（GF）、初始体重（IBW）和终末体重]的文章。在所有实验中，使用一个通用数据库计算DP和IDP指数，IDP指数定义为总DP与标准回肠可消化DP之间的差值。使用多变量线性混合模型回归方法，通过残差最大似然法获得变量效应估计值，建立了基于DP和基于IDP的模型，以预测断奶仔猪的ADG、GF和ADFI（通过它们之间的关系）。基于逐步手动向前选择，将贝叶斯信息准则至少提高2分的显著预测变量纳入最终回归模型。统计学显著性设定为P≤0.05，趋势设定为P<0.10。对数据库的初步探索性分析表明，随着日粮配方中植物蛋白来源添加量的增加，IDP指数呈二次增加（P<0.01），随着合成氨基酸添加量的增加（P<0.01），IDP指数呈线性下降。关于模型，与基于IDP的模型相比，基于DP的模型无法解释蛋白质来源的添加情况。DP有对ADG和GF产生正向影响的趋势（P<0.10）。IDP指数的增加往往会对ADG产生负面影响（P<0.10），同时降低ADFI（P<0.05）。通过实际和假设的饲料配方模拟，与低IDP日粮相比，最终回归模型预测了高IDP指数对新断奶仔猪生长性能的预期负面影响。与基于DP的模型相比，基于IDP的模型预测高IDP的负面影响更强。结果表明，IDP可能是一个改进的、更可靠的指数，用于研究DP对断奶后阶段猪生长性能的影响。
