Takele Wubet Worku, Dalli Lachlan L, Lim Siew, Boyle Jacqueline A
Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Stroke and Ageing Research, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2025 Feb;49(1):100202. doi: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100202. Epub 2024 Dec 9.
To examine trends of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Australia by state/territory and country of birth.
A cross-sectional study was undertaken from 2016 to 2021 using data from the National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS) and Australian Bureau of Statistics. The trends were assessed using Average Annual Percentage Changes (AAPCs) and the Cochrane-Armitage test.
Nationally, the age-standardised incidence of GDM was 9.3% (95%CI; 9.1-9.4) in 2016 and 15.7% (95%CI; 15.4-15.9) in 2021, representing AAPC of +10.9%. The highest increase was in the Northern Territory, from 6.7% (95%CI; 5.1-8.3) in 2016 to 19.2% (95%CI; 16.9-21.6) in 2021, AAPC=+24.6%. In Southeast Asian-born women, the incidence of GDM rose from 12.2% (95%CI; 11.7-12.7) in 2016 to 22.5% (95%CI; 21.9-23.2) in 2021 (p<0.001).
The incidence of GDM has risen in Australia, particularly in the Northern Territory and Victoria, as well as among those born in Southeast Asia and South and Central Asia.
This increase in GDM incidence in Australia underscores the pressing need for location and culturally responsive GDM prevention interventions. The lack of information on some risk factors of GDM (e.g. high body mass index) in the NDSS registry requires further investigation.
按州/领地及出生国家研究澳大利亚妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的趋势。
2016年至2021年进行了一项横断面研究，使用了来自国家糖尿病服务计划（NDSS）和澳大利亚统计局的数据。采用平均年度百分比变化（AAPC）和 Cochr ane - Armitage检验评估趋势。
在全国范围内，2016年GDM的年龄标准化发病率为9.3%（95%CI：9.1 - 9.4），2021年为15.7%（95%CI：15.4 - 15.9），平均年度百分比变化为+10.9%。增幅最大的是北领地，从2016年的6.7%（95%CI：5.1 - 8.3）增至2021年的19.2%（95%CI：16.9 - 21.6），平均年度百分比变化=+24.6%。在出生于东南亚的女性中，GDM发病率从2016年的12.2%（95%CI：11.7 - 12.7）升至2021年的22.5%（95%CI：21.9 - 23.2）（p<0.001）。
澳大利亚GDM的发病率有所上升，尤其是在北领地和维多利亚州，以及出生于东南亚、南亚和中亚的人群中。
澳大利亚GDM发病率的这种上升凸显了对因地制宜和具有文化针对性的GDM预防干预措施的迫切需求。NDSS登记册中缺乏关于GDM某些风险因素（如高体重指数）的信息需要进一步调查。
