Zhang Xiaoshuo, Wang Jinghong, Wang Yuzheng, Wang Jinyan, Luo Fei
CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Psych J. 2025 Apr;14(2):277-289. doi: 10.1002/pchj.817. Epub 2024 Dec 10.
To examine the effects of mindfulness on shame and the mechanisms mediated by cognitive flexibility and self-compassion in a Chinese adult population in daily life, we conducted two studies. Study 1 was a cross-sectional study using the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Self-Conscious Affect-3, which were administered to 481 adults in Beijing and Chengdu. For Study 2, an 8-month follow-up study was conducted on 128 of the adults. The results of Study 1 showed that (1) the awareness of action and nonjudgment dimensions, and the total score of mindfulness were significantly correlated with shame; (2) cognitive flexibility and self-compassion could fully mediate the prediction of mindfulness on shame. The Study 2 showed that (1) mindfulness and shame were significantly negatively correlated in both phases of measurement; (2) controlling for T1 shame, T1 mindfulness was able to negatively predict T2 shame; controlling for T1 mindfulness, T1 shame was not able to predict T2 mindfulness. There is a longitudinal association between mindfulness and shame, and only mindfulness scores are predictive of the shame and not vice-versa; both cognitive flexibility and self-compassion can provide explanations for the prediction of shame by mindfulness. Enhancing levels of mindfulness can help alleviate individuals' shame levels.
为了研究正念对羞耻感的影响以及认知灵活性和自我同情在中国成年人群体日常生活中的中介机制，我们进行了两项研究。研究1是一项横断面研究，使用了五因素正念问卷、认知灵活性量表、自我同情量表和自我意识情感量表3，对北京和成都的481名成年人进行了施测。对于研究2，对其中128名成年人进行了为期8个月的随访研究。研究1的结果表明：（1）行动觉察和非评判维度以及正念总分与羞耻感显著相关；（2）认知灵活性和自我同情能够完全中介正念对羞耻感的预测作用。研究2表明：（1）在两个测量阶段，正念与羞耻感均呈显著负相关；（2）控制T1期羞耻感，T1期正念能够负向预测T2期羞耻感；控制T1期正念，T1期羞耻感不能预测T2期正念。正念与羞耻感之间存在纵向关联，且只有正念得分能够预测羞耻感，反之则不然；认知灵活性和自我同情都能为正念对羞耻感的预测提供解释。提高正念水平有助于减轻个体的羞耻感程度。
