Diao Xiayao, Guo Chao, Jin Yukai, Li Bowen, Gao Xuehan, Du Xin, Chen Zhenchong, Jo Minju, Zeng Yi, Ding Chao, Liu Wenwu, Guo Jianrong, Li Shanqing, Qiu Haibo
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Feb;45(2):178-197. doi: 10.1002/cac2.12627. Epub 2024 Dec 10.
Cancer remains a major cause of mortality and a significant economic burden in China. Exploring the disparities in cancer patterns and control strategies between China and developed countries may offer valuable insights for policy formulation and enhance cancer management efforts. This study examined the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) burden of cancer in China, and compared these metrics with those observed in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK).
Data on cancer incidence, mortality, and DALYs for China, the US, and the UK were sourced from the GLOBOCAN 2022 online database and the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study (GBD 2021). We utilized Joinpoint regression models to analyze trends in cancer incidence and mortality across these countries, calculating annual percent changes (APCs) and determining the optimal joinpoints.
In 2022, China recorded around 4,824,703 new cancer cases and 2,574,176 cancer-related deaths, contributing to 71,037,170 DALYs. China exhibited a lower cancer incidence rate compared to the US and the UK. Although cancer-related mortality in China is slightly lower than that in the UK, it is significantly higher than that in the US. Additionally, China experienced significantly higher DALY rates compared to both the US and UK. The cancer landscape in China was also undergoing significant changes, with a rapid rise in the incidence and burden of lung, colorectal, breast, cervical, and prostate cancers. Meanwhile, the incidence and burden of stomach cancer continued to decline. Although the incidence of liver and esophageal cancers was decreasing, the burden of liver cancer was increasing, while the burden of esophageal cancer remained largely unchanged.
The cancer profile of China is shifting from that of a developing country to one more typical of a developed country. The ongoing population aging and the rise in unhealthy lifestyles are expected to further escalate the cancer burden in China. Consequently, it is crucial for Chinese authorities to revise the national cancer control program, drawing on successful strategies from developed countries, while also accounting for the regional diversity in cancer types across China.
癌症仍是中国主要的死亡原因和巨大的经济负担。探究中国与发达国家在癌症模式和控制策略上的差异，可能为政策制定提供有价值的见解，并加强癌症管理工作。本研究调查了中国癌症的发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALY）负担，并将这些指标与美国和英国的情况进行比较。
中国、美国和英国癌症发病率、死亡率及伤残调整生命年的数据来源于GLOBOCAN 2022在线数据库和《2021年全球疾病负担研究》（GBD 2021）。我们使用Joinpoint回归模型分析这些国家癌症发病率和死亡率的趋势，计算年度百分比变化（APC）并确定最佳连接点。
2022年，中国记录了约4824703例新发癌症病例和2574176例癌症相关死亡病例，造成71037170个伤残调整生命年。与美国和英国相比，中国的癌症发病率较低。虽然中国的癌症相关死亡率略低于英国，但显著高于美国。此外，与美国和英国相比，中国的伤残调整生命年率显著更高。中国的癌症格局也在发生重大变化，肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌和前列腺癌的发病率和负担迅速上升。与此同时，胃癌的发病率和负担持续下降。虽然肝癌和食管癌的发病率在下降，但肝癌的负担在增加，而食管癌的负担基本保持不变。
中国的癌症状况正在从发展中国家模式向更典型的发达国家模式转变。持续的人口老龄化和不健康生活方式的增加预计将进一步加剧中国的癌症负担。因此，中国当局有必要借鉴发达国家的成功策略，同时考虑到中国各地区癌症类型的差异，修订国家癌症控制计划。
