Parajuli D, Murali N
Research Center for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur-44613, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Department of Engineering Physics, AUCE (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Nov 20;10(23):e40471. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40471. eCollection 2024 Dec 15.
Pb₁₋ₓ₋₃BaₓReᵧ³⁺Nb₂O₆ (PBN) ceramics, where x = 0.35 and y = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and Re³⁺ = Nd³⁺, were successfully synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of a pure, single-phase tetragonal structure in both undoped and Nd³⁺-modified PBN ceramics. Rietveld refinement demonstrated a strong correlation between experimental and calculated profiles, with crystallite sizes ranging from 22.6 to 25.11 nm, indicating a gradual increase in size with increasing Nd³⁺ substitution. Grain size analysis showed values between 1.09 μm and 3.95 μm, with the microstructure becoming more refined as Nd³⁺ content increased. The maximum density of 5.95 g/cm³ was achieved at y = 0.06, reflecting optimal densification from Nd³⁺ modification. Dielectric studies revealed that the phase transition temperature (Tc) followed a consistent trend, with the undoped PBN-1 showing a Tc of 350 °C, and Nd³⁺-modified compositions exhibiting lower transition temperatures of 330 °C, 315 °C, and 283 °C as Nd³⁺ content increased. The dielectric constant (Kp) reached a peak value of 0.39 at the Curie temperature and broadened with increasing Nd³⁺ content, indicating enhanced temperature stability. Furthermore, the piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) improved significantly with Nd³⁺ doping, reaching a maximum of 178 pC/N for y = 0.06, signifying enhanced piezoelectric performance. These results demonstrate that Nd³⁺-modified PBN ceramics are promising candidates for high-performance piezoelectric applications, particularly in environments demanding high-temperature stability and superior piezoelectric properties.
采用固态反应法成功合成了Pb₁₋ₓ₋₃BaₓReᵧ³⁺Nb₂O₆（PBN）陶瓷，其中x = 0.35且y = 0.00、0.02、0.04、0.06，且Re³⁺ = Nd³⁺。X射线衍射（XRD）分析证实，未掺杂和Nd³⁺改性的PBN陶瓷均形成了纯的单相四方结构。Rietveld精修表明实验图谱与计算图谱之间存在很强的相关性，微晶尺寸范围为22.6至25.11 nm，表明随着Nd³⁺取代量的增加尺寸逐渐增大。晶粒尺寸分析显示值在1.09μm至3.95μm之间，随着Nd³⁺含量的增加，微观结构变得更加精细。在y = 0.06时达到最大密度5.95 g/cm³，反映出Nd³⁺改性实现了最佳致密化。介电研究表明，相变温度（Tc）遵循一致的趋势，未掺杂的PBN-1的Tc为350°C，随着Nd³⁺含量的增加，Nd³⁺改性的组合物的转变温度较低，分别为330°C、315°C和283°C。介电常数（Kp）在居里温度下达到峰值0.39，并随着Nd³⁺含量的增加而变宽，表明温度稳定性增强。此外，压电系数（d₃₃）随着Nd³⁺掺杂而显著提高，在y = 0.06时达到最大值178 pC/N，表明压电性能增强。这些结果表明，Nd³⁺改性的PBN陶瓷是高性能压电应用的有前途的候选材料，特别是在要求高温稳定性和优异压电性能的环境中。
