Framework nucleic acid strategy enables closer microbial contact for programming short-range interaction.

Programming precise and specific microbial intraspecies or interspecies interaction would be powerful for microbial metabolic regulation, signal pathway mechanism understanding, and therapeutic application. However, it is still of great challenge to develop a simple and universal method to artificially encode the microbial interactions without interfering with the intrinsic cell metabolism. Here, we proposed an extensible and flexible framework nucleic acid strategy for encoding the specific and precise microbial interactions upon self-assembly. With this spatial manipulation tool, we propose the microbial spatial heterogeneity and short-range interaction mechanism that the microbial assembly facilitates the gene expressions of the surface sensors including flagella and pili in , leading to a more sensitive response to quorum sensing. The microbial interaction programming strategy proposed in this work is expected to provide a powerful and designable nanoplatform for better understanding of distance-dependent bacterial communication networks.