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聚电解质的挑战与展望

- Challenges and Perspectives in Polyelectrolytes.

作者信息

Traeger Anja, Leiske Meike N

机构信息

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.

Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.

出版信息

Biomacromolecules. 2025 Jan 13;26(1):5-32. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01061. Epub 2024 Dec 11.

DOI:10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01061
PMID:39661745
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11733940/
Abstract

Polyelectrolytes offer unique properties for biological applications due to their charged nature and high water solubility. Here, the challenges in their synthesis and characterization techniques are reviewed, emphasizing that their strong interactions with the surrounding media and counterions must be considered when working with this interesting class of materials. Their potential in complexation for gene delivery, their unique stealth and anti-fouling properties, and their more specific interactions with amino acid transporters for cancer therapy are highlighted. The underlying mechanisms responsible for their biological efficacy, including the proton sponge effect for endosomal release and their interactions with cellular membranes, are addressed. For polyelectrolytes with a high level of usage, an overview is given of their historical context. This Perspective outlines the potential of polyelectrolytes for innovative applications in the field of biomedicine. Considering the physicochemical characteristics of this class of materials, this work strives to elucidate the distinctive properties and applications of polyelectrolytes.

摘要

聚电解质因其带电性质和高水溶性而在生物应用中具有独特的性质。本文综述了它们在合成和表征技术方面的挑战，强调在处理这类有趣的材料时，必须考虑它们与周围介质和抗衡离子的强相互作用。突出了它们在基因递送络合方面的潜力、独特的隐身和抗污性能，以及它们与氨基酸转运体在癌症治疗中的更特异性相互作用。探讨了其生物学功效的潜在机制，包括用于内体释放的质子海绵效应及其与细胞膜的相互作用。对于使用量较高的聚电解质，概述了它们的历史背景。这篇综述概述了聚电解质在生物医学领域创新应用的潜力。考虑到这类材料的物理化学特性，这项工作致力于阐明聚电解质的独特性质和应用。

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