Immunization of adult rats against 2.5 S NGF: effects on the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.

The biochemical and morphological changes effected by immunization of adult rats with 2.5 S mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) were studied in sympathetic ganglia and in representative target organs. This immunization procedure maintains high levels of circulating anti NGF-antibody for periods of months. Morphological analysis revealed a general reduction in the size of the adrenergic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) which was also reflected at the biochemical level by a 30% decrease in total protein content and a 50--60% reduction in the total activities of all norepinephrine-synthesizing enzymes. However, there was no change in total choline acetyltransferase activity. The biochemical and morphological changes observed in the SCG seem to be confined to the neuronal cell body, since at any stage of immunization target organs (the submandibular and the pineal gland) remained unaffected. All sympathetic ganglia investigated--except the superior mesenteric ganglion--responded in a similar way to the immunization against 2.5 S NGF. These changes in the adrenergic cell bodies were largely reversible. The recovery of normal enzyme activities followed closely the decrease of the antibody titer after cessation of immunization boosting. This indicates that cell death is not caused by anti NGF-antibodies in ganglia of adult animals. Thus, in contrast to adrenergic neurons from newborn animals, which depend on NGF or a crossreacting NGF-like material for survival, differentiated adrenergic neurons need this factor for the maintenance of their normal function but not for survival.