Haggenmüller Klaus Christian, Reiner Barbara, Oberhoffer Renate Maria, Olson Nils, Weil Jochen, Schulz Thorsten
Chair of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
German Heart Centre Munich, Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024 Nov 27;11:1428457. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1428457. eCollection 2024.
Cardio Vascular risk prevention in Germany has a gap between the ages of 20 and 30 years. We established a program for risk group identification in students and analyzed the screenings according to the ACCF/AHA Stages and NYHA functional classification. In a cross-sectional design, 596 participants completed a sports medical and motor performance check-up. We found 6% of the female subgroup in an underweight status. Low blood pressure in 5% of the male and 10% of the female group. Elevated blood pressure in 27% of the male and 12% of the female subgroup. According to ACCF/AHA classification, a percentage of 25.7% were clustered in Stage A, defined as having a high risk for heart failure (HF). Stage B consisted of participants with structural heart disease but without symptoms of HF, the prevalence of this group was 3.2%. In Stage C we assigned 0.7%, respectively four participants, with structural heart disease and prior symptoms (NYHA Stage C1 and C2). Screenings sensitize CV risk factors and detect HF risks at an early age; for freshmen at universities it seems to be the perfect time and place for secondary prevention. The gap in risk prevention can be closed, at least for students, who are an economically important target group. Moreover, we found a higher prevalence of Stage C in the sports-related study population compared to other studies. The risk for HF could be elevated in sports-related faculties. The high prevalence of underweight participants, especially in the female subgroup could also be a specific problem in sports-related groups. Even if not related to CV risks, the awareness of being underweight in combination with offers for a lifestyle change can prevent risks in the future. The same applies to low blood pressure in the female subgroup.
德国心血管疾病风险预防在20至30岁年龄段存在差距。我们制定了一项针对学生风险群体识别的计划，并根据美国心脏病学会基金会/美国心脏协会（ACCF/AHA）分期和纽约心脏协会（NYHA）功能分级对筛查结果进行分析。在一项横断面设计中，596名参与者完成了运动医学和运动表现检查。我们发现6%的女性亚组体重过轻。5%的男性组和10%的女性组血压偏低。27%的男性亚组和12%的女性亚组血压升高。根据ACCF/AHA分类，25.7%的人聚集在A期，定义为心力衰竭（HF）高风险。B期由患有结构性心脏病但无HF症状的参与者组成，该组患病率为3.2%。在C期，我们分别确定了0.7%，即四名参与者，患有结构性心脏病且有既往症状（NYHA C1和C2期）。筛查可使心血管疾病风险因素敏感化，并在早期发现HF风险；对于大学新生来说，这似乎是二级预防的理想时间和地点。至少对于作为经济上重要目标群体的学生而言，风险预防差距可以弥合。此外，我们发现与其他研究相比，在与体育相关的研究人群中C期患病率更高。在与体育相关的院系中，HF风险可能更高。体重过轻参与者的高患病率，尤其是在女性亚组中，也可能是与体育相关群体中的一个特殊问题。即使与心血管疾病风险无关，对体重过轻的认知以及提供生活方式改变的建议也可以预防未来的风险。女性亚组中的低血压情况也是如此。
