Wyckhuys Kris A G, Wang Xiao-Wei, Elkahky Maged
Chrysalis Consulting, Danang, Vietnam.
J Biosci. 2024;49.
The Anthropocene is posing extraordinary challenges for global agriculture. Agri-food production is increasingly impacted by concurrent biotic and abiotic stressors, climate-triggered pests or diseases, (pesticide) resistance breakdown and the unrelenting appearance of invasive biota. Farmers have relied upon simple, addon constitutive crop defenses and synthetic pesticides for decades, but those tools prove ever more defunct. Here, we argue that dynamic, pluralistic and adaptable crop defenses can safeguard harvests in the face of erratic pest threats. When transitioning towards such nature-based crop defenses, plants prove an infinite source of inspiration. Inducible and/or indirect defenses that rely upon trichomes, sugar rewards, substrate-borne vibrations, plant volatiles, root exudates or allelochemicals have become the center of scientists' attention. The ensuing plant health innovations regularly rely upon the action of resident beneficial organisms, are low-cost, practicable and environmentally sound, and custom-made for more resilient forms of agriculture. By thus harnessing on-farm biodiversity and agroecological processes, agri-food production can be intensified without disregard of human or environmental health, or 'One Health'.
人类世给全球农业带来了巨大挑战。农业食品生产越来越受到同时出现的生物和非生物胁迫因素的影响，如气候引发的病虫害、（农药）抗性失效以及入侵生物群的不断出现。几十年来，农民一直依赖简单的、附加的组成型作物防御措施和合成农药，但这些手段越来越失效。在此，我们认为动态、多元且适应性强的作物防御措施能够在面对不稳定的害虫威胁时保障收成。在向这种基于自然的作物防御措施过渡时，植物被证明是灵感的无尽源泉。依赖于毛状体、糖分奖励、基质传播的振动、植物挥发物、根系分泌物或化感物质的诱导性和/或间接防御措施已成为科学家关注的焦点。随之而来的植物健康创新通常依赖于本地有益生物的作用，成本低、可行且对环境无害，并且是为更具韧性的农业形式量身定制的。通过利用农场生物多样性和农业生态过程，可以在不忽视人类或环境健康，即“同一健康”的情况下强化农业食品生产。
