Abene Jessica, Tyburski Sherilyn, Kral Tanja V E, Quinn Ryan, Deng Jie
School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Nutr Cancer. 2025;77(3):341-359. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2437833. Epub 2024 Dec 12.
This review analyzed existing literature regarding the relationship between different diets and chemotherapy toxicities, as well as the quality of life (QOL) among patients undergoing treatment. It aims to identify the most advantageous diet for cancer patients. PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase were used to select randomized control trials (RCTs) assessing the relationship between a specific diet and chemotherapy toxicities and/or QOL in patients as of October 2023. Out of 1,419 records, 11 RCTs were included. Analyses were stratified by diet type. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from the random-effect model using STATA. We included 7 studies testing fasting variations; 1 testing a ketogenic diet; 1 testing a Mediterranean diet; 1 testing a plant-based, high-protein diet; and 1 testing an anti-inflammatory diet. Four fasting studies were in the meta-analysis. The random-effects meta-analysis showed no significant difference in the incidence of chemotherapy toxicities between fasting and non-fasting patients. There is insufficient evidence to determine which dietary intervention is the most advantageous, however, there is evidence that all the diets examined may complement conventional cancer therapy by helping to reduce chemotherapy toxicities. No intervention can be ruled out. More research is needed in this field.
本综述分析了关于不同饮食与化疗毒性之间关系以及接受治疗患者生活质量（QOL）的现有文献。其目的是确定对癌症患者最有利的饮食。截至2023年10月，使用PubMed、CINAHL和Embase来选择评估特定饮食与患者化疗毒性和/或生活质量之间关系的随机对照试验（RCT）。在1419条记录中，纳入了11项随机对照试验。分析按饮食类型分层。使用STATA从随机效应模型中获得合并比值比和95%置信区间（CI）。我们纳入了7项测试禁食变化的研究；1项测试生酮饮食的研究；1项测试地中海饮食的研究；1项测试植物性高蛋白饮食的研究；以及1项测试抗炎饮食的研究。四项禁食研究纳入了荟萃分析。随机效应荟萃分析显示，禁食患者和非禁食患者化疗毒性的发生率没有显著差异。没有足够的证据来确定哪种饮食干预最有利，然而，有证据表明，所有检查的饮食都可能通过帮助降低化疗毒性来补充传统癌症治疗。没有哪种干预措施可以被排除。该领域需要更多的研究。
