Bertolín-Guillén José Manuel, Porcel-Torrens Andrés, Cantero-Araque Francisca, Morant-Luján Yolanda
Independent Researcher, 46015 Valencia, Spain.
Mental Health and Psychiatry Service, Valencia-Arnau de Vilanova-Llíria Department of Health, Ministry for Universal Healthcare and Public Health, Government of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2024 Dec;52(6):843-853. doi: 10.62641/aep.v52i6.1819.
In Spain and many other countries, psychotherapy training is heterogeneous and not very evidence-based. This contribution addresses related ethical, normative and legal issues with the aim of clarification, as well as certain relevant aspects of psychological work in the field of mental and behavioural health in Spain. It will analyse professional responsibility and possible intrusiveness in the clinical-psychological field. The authors have scrutinised national legislation along with PubMed/Medline content, as well as a wide variety of scientific papers collected using the search engines Google Scholar and Scientific Electronic Library Online. For clinical psychologists and psychiatric doctors, when appropriate, it is their professional responsibility to choose among the various and sometimes conflicting interventions proposed as the most appropriate or priority psychotherapies. Psychotherapy, as a treatment, although not regulated, should only be undertaken by health personnel who are suitably qualified in mental health with the guarantee of the State, at least in Spain. This would probably help to mitigate the perennial crisis of replication in psychology, particularly as applied to mental health. Likewise, it is a relevant and popular issue, antagonistic to intrusiveness, that any common intervention of interpersonal psychic help should be considered therapeutic, or preferably be undertaken by personnel with a degree in psychology. There is no mandatory psychotherapeutic standard for clinical psychologists and psychiatrists, nor is there an official common international system of accreditation in clinical psychology outside Spain. In the field of mental health, any intervening psychologist, like any medical doctor, is ethically and legally responsible for their actions, omissions and consequences.
在西班牙和许多其他国家,心理治疗培训参差不齐,且缺乏充分的循证依据。本文旨在阐明相关的伦理、规范和法律问题,以及西班牙精神与行为健康领域心理工作的某些相关方面。它将分析临床心理学领域的职业责任和可能存在的侵扰性。作者仔细研究了国家立法以及PubMed/Medline的内容,还查阅了通过谷歌学术和科学电子图书馆在线搜索引擎收集的各类科学论文。对于临床心理学家和精神科医生而言,在适当情况下,他们有职业责任在众多有时相互冲突的干预措施中进行选择,将其作为最合适或优先的心理治疗方法。心理治疗作为一种治疗手段,尽管没有相关规定,但至少在西班牙,应该仅由具备适当心理健康资质且有国家保障的卫生人员来实施。这可能有助于缓解心理学领域长期存在的重复性危机,尤其是在应用于心理健康方面。同样,一个与侵扰性相悖的相关且热门的问题是,任何人际心理帮助的常见干预都应被视为治疗性的,或者最好由拥有心理学学位的人员来进行。对于临床心理学家和精神科医生没有强制性的心理治疗标准,在西班牙境外也没有官方通用的临床心理学国际认证体系。在心理健康领域,任何参与干预的心理学家,就如同任何医生一样,在伦理和法律上都要对自己的行为、疏忽和后果负责。