Davis Erica, Dunbar Sandra B, Higgins Melinda K, Wood Kathryn, Ferranti Erin, Morris Alanna A, Butts Brittany
Nurs Res. 2025;74(1):20-26. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000782. Epub 2024 Sep 27.
Black adults have a higher risk for heart failure (HF) than others, which may be related to higher cardiovascular risk factors and also inflammatory dietary patterns. The Western diet is associated with inflammation and contributes to HF. Trimethylamine N-oxide is a diet-linked metabolite that contributes to inflammation and is associated with higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, especially in HF populations. The dietary inflammatory index score measures a diet's inflammatory potential and food's inflammatory effects.
The purpose of this pilot study was to explore associations between the Western diet, dietary inflammatory index, trimethylamine N-oxide, relevant covariates and variables, and TNF-α in Black persons with HF.
Thirty-one Black participants (mean age = 55 years, 68% women) with HF were enrolled. Trimethylamine N-oxide and TNF-α levels were analyzed using immunoassays. A food frequency questionnaire was completed, and dietary inflammatory index scores and food groups were calculated. Analyses included correlations and I-test statistics.
Mean dietary inflammatory index score was -0.38, noting an anti-inflammatory diet with slightly higher inflammatory diet scores in men compared to women. The dietary inflammatory index score showed a negative association with dietary choline but not with trimethylamine N-oxide or TNF-α. Trimethylamine N-oxide and age were positively correlated, along with the correlation for TNF-α with a moderate effect size. No relationship was found among dietary inflammatory index, TNF-α, and trimethylamine N-oxide variables.
A greater understanding of intake of inflammatory foods and relationships with immune factors is warranted to inform intervention development. In Black adults with HF, it is important to consider the intake of inflammatory foods as increased age may affect the retention of dietary metabolites. Metabolites may also increase the levels of inflammation. Knowledge about these relationships could lead to tailored dietary interventions based on diet, age, and culture patterns.
黑人成年人患心力衰竭（HF）的风险高于其他人，这可能与较高的心血管危险因素以及炎症性饮食模式有关。西方饮食与炎症相关，并会导致心力衰竭。氧化三甲胺是一种与饮食相关的代谢产物，会引发炎症，且与较高的肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平相关，尤其是在心力衰竭人群中。饮食炎症指数评分衡量饮食的炎症潜力和食物的炎症效应。
这项初步研究的目的是探讨西方饮食、饮食炎症指数、氧化三甲胺、相关协变量和变量与患有心力衰竭的黑人患者体内TNF-α之间的关联。
招募了31名患有心力衰竭的黑人参与者（平均年龄 = 55岁，68%为女性）。使用免疫测定法分析氧化三甲胺和TNF-α水平。完成了一份食物频率问卷，并计算了饮食炎症指数评分和食物类别。分析包括相关性和I检验统计。
平均饮食炎症指数评分为-0.38，表明这是一种抗炎饮食，男性的炎症饮食评分略高于女性。饮食炎症指数评分与膳食胆碱呈负相关，但与氧化三甲胺或TNF-α无关。氧化三甲胺与年龄呈正相关，TNF-α之间的相关性也具有中等效应大小。在饮食炎症指数、TNF-α和氧化三甲胺变量之间未发现关联。
有必要更深入地了解炎症性食物的摄入量及其与免疫因子的关系，以为干预措施的制定提供依据。在患有心力衰竭的黑人成年人中，考虑炎症性食物的摄入量很重要，因为年龄增长可能会影响膳食代谢产物的留存。代谢产物也可能会增加炎症水平。了解这些关系可能会导致基于饮食、年龄和文化模式的个性化饮食干预。
