Gottschalk Frode, Gennser Mikael, Günther Mattias, Eiken Ola, Elia Antonis
Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Neuroscience, Experimental Traumatology, KI Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Physiol Rep. 2024 Dec;12(23):e70147. doi: 10.14814/phy2.70147.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of eccentric exercise on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and inflammation on high-altitude-induced venous gas emboli (VGE). Subjects were exposed to an altitude of 24,000 ft. for 90 min, with either prior eccentric exercise (ECC) or no exercise (Control) 24 h before. Blood samples were collected at baseline (T), before (T), and after (T) altitude exposures. VGE load was evaluated using the Eftedal-Brubakk (ΕΒ) scale. Creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin were used to assess muscle damage, while interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen were used to evaluate inflammation. ECC showed higher EB-scores during altitude exposures [median(range), 3(0-5)] than Control [1(0-4), p = 0.019]. Increases in myoglobin (+35%, p = 0.012), CK (+130%, p < 0.001), IL-6 (+72%, p = 0.02), and CRP (+63%, p = 0.004) were observed from T to T in ECC, but not Control. Significantly higher levels of myoglobin (p = 0.033), CK (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p = 0.016), and CRP (p = 0.002) were noted in the ECC compared to Control at T. IL-6 increased from T to T in ECC (p = 0.005), with higher levels than Control at T (p = 0.046). A correlation was found between EB-scores and T myoglobin levels (r = 0.450; p = 0.004), and to T-T IL-6 changes (r = 0.396; p = 0.037). Eccentric EIMD followed by inflammation is associated with a higher decompression strain, with VGE load aggravating systemic inflammation.
本研究旨在探讨离心运动对运动诱导的肌肉损伤（EIMD）以及对高空诱发的静脉气体栓塞（VGE）炎症的影响。受试者暴露于24000英尺的高度90分钟，在这之前24小时，一组进行离心运动（ECC），另一组不进行运动（对照组）。在基线期（T0）、暴露于高空前（T1）和暴露于高空后（T2）采集血样。使用埃夫泰达尔 - 布鲁巴克（ΕΒ）量表评估VGE负荷。用肌酸激酶（CK）和肌红蛋白评估肌肉损伤，而用白细胞介素 - 6（IL - 6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF - α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）和纤维蛋白原评估炎症。在高空暴露期间，ECC组的EB评分[中位数（范围），3（0 - 5）]高于对照组[1（0 - 4），p = 0.019]。从T0到T2，ECC组的肌红蛋白增加（+35%，p = 0.012）、CK增加（+130%，p < 0.001）、IL - 6增加（+72%，p = 0.02）以及CRP增加（+63%，p = 0.004），而对照组未出现这些变化。与对照组在T2时相比，ECC组在T2时肌红蛋白（p = 0.033）、CK（p < 0.001）、IL - 6（p = 0.016）和CRP（p = 0.002）水平显著更高。在ECC组中，IL - 6从T1到T2增加（p = 0.005），且在T2时水平高于对照组（p = 0.046）。发现EB评分与T2时的肌红蛋白水平之间存在相关性（r = 0.450；p = 0.004），并且与T1 - T2时IL - 6的变化存在相关性（r = 0.396；p = 0.037）。离心运动诱导的EIMD继发炎症状况与更高的减压应变相关，VGE负荷会加重全身炎症。
