Lawes Mario, Eid Michael
Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, Berlin, Germany.
Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2025 Feb;17(1):e12628. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12628.
This pre-registered study examines the longitudinal relationships between well-being, hair cortisol (a biomarker linked to poor health), and self-reported health. Accumulated cortisol output over three months was determined quarterly over the course of one year using hair samples. Well-being was assessed as affective well-being (via experience sampling), cognitive well-being (i.e., life satisfaction), and eudaimonic well-being (via the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being). Self-reported health was measured using one item on the current state of health. The longitudinal analyses allowed for disentangling initial between-person differences from within-person changes and were based on a large panel study of working-age people (N = 726). The results indicate that hair cortisol levels were generally not associated with any of the examined well-being facets, regardless of the level of analysis. Further, deviations from well-being trait levels were not linked to subsequent within-person changes in hair cortisol (and vice versa), challenging the notion that cortisol output is a key physiological pathway through which well-being improves health. In contrast, self-reported health was positively correlated with affective, cognitive, and eudaimonic well-being at both the trait and within-person levels, whereas deviations from well-being trait levels were generally not associated with subsequent within-person changes in self-reported health, and vice versa.
这项预先注册的研究考察了幸福感、头发皮质醇（一种与健康状况不佳相关的生物标志物）和自我报告的健康状况之间的纵向关系。在一年的时间里，每季度使用头发样本测定三个月内累积的皮质醇分泌量。幸福感通过情感幸福感（通过经验抽样）、认知幸福感（即生活满意度）和心理幸福感（通过赖夫心理幸福感量表）进行评估。自我报告的健康状况通过一项关于当前健康状况的项目进行测量。纵向分析能够区分个体间的初始差异和个体内的变化，并且基于一项针对工作年龄人群的大型面板研究（N = 726）。结果表明，无论分析水平如何，头发皮质醇水平通常与所考察的任何幸福感方面均无关联。此外，幸福感特质水平的偏差与随后头发皮质醇的个体内变化没有关联（反之亦然），这对皮质醇分泌是幸福感改善健康的关键生理途径这一观点提出了挑战。相比之下，自我报告的健康状况在特质水平和个体内水平上均与情感、认知和心理幸福感呈正相关，而幸福感特质水平的偏差通常与随后自我报告的健康状况的个体内变化没有关联，反之亦然。
