Williams Callon M, Ganchrow Danielle M, Shayya Ashley D, LaRowe Lisa R, Ditre Joseph W, Zale Emily L
Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA.
School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 2025;60(4):542-549. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2440366. Epub 2024 Dec 12.
Alcohol and pain frequently co-occur and interact in a positive feedback loop that maintains and exacerbates both conditions. The Expectancies for Alcohol Analgesia (EAA) is a recently developed, single-factor measure that assesses the extent to which individuals expect alcohol will reduce their pain. Alcohol-related outcome expectancies motivate drinking and predict drinking trajectories among emerging adults (18-24). The EAA was initially validated among adults with chronic pain who drink alcohol and has been associated with several indices of pain and alcohol. We are unaware of prior work that examined the psychometric properties of the EAA among emerging adults, who are at high-risk for developing positive expectancies regarding the utility of alcohol for pain management.
The goal of this study was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the EAA among emerging adult college students.
Emerging adult college students who endorsed lifetime alcohol use and varying pain levels ( = 555, 74.4% Female, 75.2% White) completed an online survey of pain and alcohol use.
Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the single-factor structure was a good fit (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.01, RMSEA = 0.04). Internal consistency was excellent ( = .95), and EAA scores were positively associated with alcohol consumption, alcohol-related consequences, drinking motives, and pain intensity and disability (s < .01).
These findings suggest the EAA is a valid and reliable measure for assessing expectancies for alcohol analgesia among emerging adult college students, which may also be a promising intervention target to include in expectancy challenge interventions.
酒精与疼痛经常同时出现，并在一个维持和加剧这两种状况的正反馈循环中相互作用。酒精镇痛预期（EAA）是最近开发的一种单因素测量方法，用于评估个体期望酒精减轻其疼痛的程度。与酒精相关的结果预期会促使饮酒，并预测新兴成年人（18 - 24岁）的饮酒轨迹。EAA最初在饮酒的慢性疼痛成年人中得到验证，并与多种疼痛和酒精指标相关。我们不知道之前有研究考察过新兴成年人中EAA的心理测量特性，而新兴成年人对酒精用于疼痛管理的效用形成积极预期的风险很高。
本研究的目的是考察新兴成年大学生中EAA的因素结构、信度和效度。
认可终生饮酒且疼痛程度各异的新兴成年大学生（n = 555，74.4%为女性，75.2%为白人）完成了一项关于疼痛和饮酒使用情况的在线调查。
验证性因素分析表明单因素结构拟合良好（CFI = 0.99，TLI = 0.99，SRMR = 0.01，RMSEA = 0.04）。内部一致性极佳（α = 0.95），且EAA得分与酒精消费、酒精相关后果、饮酒动机以及疼痛强度和残疾呈正相关（p < 0.01）。
这些发现表明EAA是评估新兴成年大学生酒精镇痛预期的一种有效且可靠的测量方法，它也可能是预期挑战干预中一个有前景的干预靶点。
