Ouardy Khadija El, Ahmoum Hassan, Mir Youssef
BIOMCI, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Agadir, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco.
Pharm Nanotechnol. 2024 Dec 12. doi: 10.2174/0122117385353296241119072148.
Nanotechnology is rapidly transforming various fields, including medicine, environmental conservation, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals. The production of metallic nanoparticles is a key area within this field, known for its innovative applications. However, traditional chemical and physical methods used for nanoparticle synthesis often involve toxic chemicals and are expensive, making them unsuitable for large-scale production. To address these issues, there has been a growing focus on developing sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly methods. One promising approach is the biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. This technique combines principles from biology and nanotechnology, using natural sources such as plant extracts, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae to produce nanoparticles in an environmentally friendly way. This review examines the biological synthesis of various metal nanoparticles, including platinum, palladium, gold, and silver. It explores different green methods used for their production and discusses the mechanisms that enable these biological processes. Additionally, the review highlights the diverse applications of these nanoparticles, from environmental cleanup and heavy metal removal to cancer treatment and drug delivery. By focusing on green synthesis methods, this approach not only reduces environmental impact but also offers a scalable, sustainable alternative to traditional nanoparticle production techniques. As research in this area advances, these eco-friendly methods are expected to play a crucial role in the future of nanotechnology.
纳米技术正在迅速改变各个领域，包括医学、环境保护、农业和制药业。金属纳米颗粒的生产是该领域的一个关键领域，以其创新应用而闻名。然而，用于纳米颗粒合成的传统化学和物理方法通常涉及有毒化学品且成本高昂，因此不适用于大规模生产。为了解决这些问题，人们越来越关注开发可持续、经济高效且环保的方法。一种有前景的方法是金属纳米颗粒的生物合成。该技术结合了生物学和纳米技术的原理，利用植物提取物、细菌、真菌、酵母和藻类等天然来源以环保方式生产纳米颗粒。本文综述了包括铂、钯、金和银在内的各种金属纳米颗粒的生物合成。它探讨了用于其生产的不同绿色方法，并讨论了促成这些生物过程的机制。此外，综述强调了这些纳米颗粒的多样应用，从环境清理和重金属去除到癌症治疗和药物递送。通过专注于绿色合成方法，这种方法不仅减少了对环境的影响，还为传统纳米颗粒生产技术提供了一种可扩展、可持续的替代方案。随着该领域研究的推进，这些环保方法有望在纳米技术的未来发挥关键作用。
