Biomass-burning organic aerosols as a pool of atmospheric reactive triplets to drive multiphase sulfate formation.

Biomass-burning organic aerosol(s) (BBOA) are rich in brown carbon, which significantly absorbs solar irradiation and potentially accelerates global warming. Despite its importance, the multiphase photochemistry of BBOA after light absorption remains poorly understood due to challenges in determining the oxidant concentrations and the reaction kinetics within aerosol particles. In this study, we explored the photochemical reactivity of BBOA particles in multiphase S(IV) oxidation to sulfate. We found that sulfate formation in BBOA particles under light is predominantly driven by photosensitization involving the triplet excited states (BBOA) instead of iron, nitrate, and S(IV) photochemistry. Rates in BBOA particles are three orders of magnitude higher than those observed in the bulk solution, primarily due to the fast interfacial reactions. Our results highlight that the chemistry of BBOA in particles can greatly contribute to the formation of sulfate, as an example of the secondary pollutants. Photosensitization of BBOA will likely become increasingly crucial due to the intensified global wildfires.