Singh Nidhi, Giri Mrunmay Kumar, Chattopadhyay Debasis
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India.
School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha,India.
J Exp Bot. 2025 Feb 7;76(3):769-786. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae475.
Stomata, the small pores on the surfaces of plant leaves and stems, are crucial for gas exchange and also play a role in defense against pathogens. Stomatal movement is influenced not only by surrounding light conditions but also by the presence of foliar pathogens. Certain light wavelengths such as blue or high irradiance red light cause stomatal opening, making it easier for bacteria to enter through opened stomata and causing disease progression in plants. Illumination with blue or intense red light autophosphorylates phototropin, a blue light photoreceptor protein kinase, that in turn activates a signaling cascade to open the stomata. Undoubtedly stomatal defense is a fascinating aspect of plant immunology, especially in plant-foliar pathogen interactions. During these interactions, stomata fundamentally serve as entry points for intrusive pathogens and initiate the plant defense signaling cascade. This review highlights how light-activated photoreceptors such as cryptochromes (CRYs), phytochromes (phys), and UV-receptors (UVRs) influence stomatal movement and defense signaling after foliar pathogen intrusion. It also explores the link between stomatal defense, light signaling, and plant immunity, which is vital for safeguarding crops against pathogens.
气孔是植物叶片和茎表面的小孔，对气体交换至关重要，在抵御病原体方面也发挥着作用。气孔运动不仅受周围光照条件的影响，还受叶部病原体的存在影响。某些光波长，如蓝光或高辐照红光会导致气孔张开，使细菌更容易通过张开的气孔进入并导致植物病害发展。用蓝光或强光照射会使蓝光受体蛋白激酶向光素发生自磷酸化，进而激活信号级联反应以打开气孔。毫无疑问，气孔防御是植物免疫学中一个引人入胜的方面，尤其是在植物与叶部病原体的相互作用中。在这些相互作用中，气孔从根本上作为入侵病原体的入口，并启动植物防御信号级联反应。本综述重点介绍了诸如隐花色素（CRYs）、光敏色素（phys）和紫外线受体（UVRs）等光激活光感受器如何在叶部病原体入侵后影响气孔运动和防御信号传导。它还探讨了气孔防御、光信号传导和植物免疫之间的联系，这对于保护作物免受病原体侵害至关重要。
