Saha Utsa, Jena Snehasmita, Simnani Faizan Zarreen, Singh Dibyangshee, Choudhury Anmol, Naser Shaikh Sheeran, Lenka Sudakshya S, Kirti Apoorv, Nandi Aditya, Sinha Adrija, Patro Swadheena, Kujawska Małgorzata, Suar Mrutyunjay, Kaushik Nagendra Kumar, Ghosh Aishee, Verma Suresh K
KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jan 15;290:117526. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117526. Epub 2024 Dec 13.
The extensive use of plastics in modern dentistry, including oral care products and dental materials, has raised significant concerns due to the increasing evidence of potential harm to human health and the environment caused by the unintentional release of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs). Particles from sources like toothpaste, toothbrushes, orthodontic implants, and denture materials are generated through mechanical friction, pH changes, and thermal fluctuations. These processes cause surface stress, weaken material integrity, and induce wear, posing health risks such as exposure to harmful monomers and additives, while contributing to environmental contamination. MPs/NPs released during dental procedures can be ingested, leading to immune suppression, tissue fibrosis, and systemic toxicities. The gut epithelium absorbs some particles, while others are excreted, entering ecosystems, accumulating through the food chain, and causing ecological damage. Although analytical techniques have advanced in detecting MPs/NPs in oral care products, more robust methods are needed to understand their release mechanisms. This review explores the prevalence of MPs/NPs in dentistry, the mechanisms by which MPs/NPs are released into the oral environment, and their implications for human and ecological health. It underscores the urgency of public awareness and sustainable dental practices to mitigate these risks and promote environmental well-being.
现代牙科中塑料的广泛使用，包括口腔护理产品和牙科材料，引发了人们的重大担忧，因为越来越多的证据表明，微塑料（MPs）和纳米塑料（NPs）的无意释放会对人类健康和环境造成潜在危害。牙膏、牙刷、正畸植入物和假牙材料等来源的颗粒是通过机械摩擦、pH值变化和热波动产生的。这些过程会导致表面应力、削弱材料完整性并引发磨损，带来诸如接触有害单体和添加剂等健康风险，同时还会造成环境污染。牙科手术过程中释放的微塑料/纳米塑料可能会被摄入，导致免疫抑制、组织纤维化和全身毒性。肠道上皮会吸收一些颗粒，而其他颗粒则会被排出，进入生态系统，通过食物链积累，并造成生态破坏。尽管分析技术在检测口腔护理产品中的微塑料/纳米塑料方面有所进步，但仍需要更强大的方法来了解它们的释放机制。这篇综述探讨了牙科中微塑料/纳米塑料的普遍程度、微塑料/纳米塑料释放到口腔环境中的机制及其对人类和生态健康的影响。它强调了提高公众意识和采取可持续牙科实践以减轻这些风险并促进环境福祉的紧迫性。
