Fan Fuqiang, Li Mingtao, Dou Junfeng, Zhang Jiaqi, Li Danyi, Meng Fangang, Dong Yue
Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Water Security, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China; Center for Water Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Environ Res. 2025 Feb 15;267:120602. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120602. Epub 2024 Dec 12.
Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology with diverse merits is efficient in treating various waste streams whereas their microbial functional properties and ecology still need in-depth investigation, especially in real wastewater treatment systems. Herein, a well-controlled MBBR treating municipal wastewater was established to investigate the long-term system performance and the underlying principles of community succession and assembly. The system successfully achieved ammonium, TN, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 96.7 ± 2.2%, 75.2 ± 3.6%, and 90.3 ± 3.8%, respectively, under simplified operation and low energy consumption. The effluent TN concentrations achieved 6.2 ± 1.6 mg-N/L despite the influent fluctuations. Diverse functional denitrifiers, such as Denitratisoma, Thermomonas, and Flavobacterium, and the anammox bacteria Candidatus Brocadia successfully enriched in anoxic chamber biofilms. The nitrifiers Nitrosomonas (∼0.73%) and Nitrospira (∼14.0%) exhibited appreciable nitrification capacity in specialized aerobic chambers. Ecological null model and network analysis revealed that microbial community assembly was mainly regulated by niche-based deterministic processes and air diffusion in the aerobic chamber resulted in more intense and complex bacterial interactions. Environmental filters including influent substrate and operating conditions (e.g., reactor configuration, DO, and temperature) greatly shaped the microbial community structure and affected carbon and nitrogen metabolism. The positive ecological roles of influent microflora and functional redundancy in biofilm communities were believed to facilitate functional stability. The anammox process coupled with partial denitrification in a specialized chamber demonstrated positive application implications. These findings provided valuable perspectives in deciphering the microbiological and ecological mechanisms, functional properties, and application potentials of MBBR.
具有多种优点的移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）技术在处理各种废水流方面效率很高，但其微生物功能特性和生态学仍需深入研究，尤其是在实际废水处理系统中。在此，建立了一个用于处理城市废水的严格控制的MBBR，以研究长期系统性能以及群落演替和组装的潜在原理。在简化操作和低能耗的情况下，该系统分别成功实现了96.7±2.2%、75.2±3.6%和90.3±3.8%的氨氮、总氮和化学需氧量（COD）去除率。尽管进水存在波动，但出水总氮浓度达到了6.2±1.6mg-N/L。多种功能性反硝化菌，如脱氮索菌属、嗜热单胞菌属和黄杆菌属，以及厌氧氨氧化菌“Candidatus Brocadia”成功富集在缺氧室生物膜中。硝化菌亚硝化单胞菌（约0.73%）和硝化螺菌属（约14.0%）在专门的好氧室中表现出可观的硝化能力。生态零模型和网络分析表明，微生物群落组装主要受基于生态位的确定性过程调节，好氧室中的空气扩散导致细菌相互作用更强烈和复杂。包括进水底物和运行条件（如反应器配置、溶解氧和温度）在内的环境过滤器极大地塑造了微生物群落结构，并影响了碳和氮代谢。进水微生物群的积极生态作用和生物膜群落中的功能冗余被认为有助于功能稳定性。专门室中的厌氧氨氧化过程与部分反硝化作用相结合显示出积极的应用前景。这些发现为解读MBBR的微生物学和生态学机制、功能特性及应用潜力提供了有价值的观点。
