Kumar Vineet, Sandil Sirat, Verma Pradeep, Ameen Fuad
Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
Institute of Aquatic Ecology, HUN-REN Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, Budapest, 1113, Hungary.
Arch Microbiol. 2025 Aug 30;207(10):247. doi: 10.1007/s00203-025-04443-8.
This study aimed to profile the dynamics of indigenous bacterial communities in activated sludge, assess the pollutant load, and unlock the functional genes involved during the activated sludge treatment process. The physicochemical analyses of activated sludge revealed high amounts of phosphate, sulfate, chloride, and lignin, along with heavy metals like Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Pb. Simultaneously, the GC-MS/MS technique identified decane, 1 bromo-2-methyl, pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester, benzene dicarboxylic acid, stigmasterol, borinic acid, diethyl, 2-hydroxymethyl cyclopropane, 2-methoxy-4-ethyl-phenol, 3,4,5-trichlorophenol, octadecanoic acid, and tetracosanic acid as major compounds. Furthermore, taxonomic classification of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) data revealed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum, comprising 44.54% of the microbial community. In addition, other phyla, such as Bacteriodetes, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chlorolfexi, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were also recorded within a range between 13.27 and 4.1% in the sludge. At the genus and species levels, the dominant organisms were unclassified (3.62%) and belonged to the family Rhodospirillacea. Further, PICRUSt2-based KEGG Orthology (KO) analysis showed enriched energy metabolism as the most abundant category, driven by oxidative phosphorylation and the TCA cycle. Furthermore, the MetaCyc analysis revealed a robust and adaptable microbial community with the dominant pathways of aerobic respiration I (cytochrome c) and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, such as cis-vaccenate biosynthesis. The EC assignments highlighted a broad range of enzymatic functions, with a strong emphasis on oxidoreductases and transferases involved in energy production and biosynthesis. This research offers valuable insights into microbial community dynamics in wastewater treatment processes and identifies their functional role in a chlorolignin waste-polluted environment.
本研究旨在剖析活性污泥中本土细菌群落的动态变化，评估污染物负荷，并揭示活性污泥处理过程中涉及的功能基因。活性污泥的理化分析显示，其中含有大量的磷酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化物和木质素，以及铁、锌、铜、镍和铅等重金属。同时，气相色谱 - 质谱联用/质谱（GC-MS/MS）技术鉴定出癸烷、1-溴-2-甲基、十五烷酸甲酯、苯二甲酸、豆甾醇、硼酸二乙酯、2-羟甲基环丙烷、2-甲氧基-4-乙基苯酚、3,4,5-三氯苯酚、十八烷酸和二十四烷酸为主要化合物。此外，对操作分类单元（OTU）数据的分类学分析表明，变形菌门是最丰富的门类，占微生物群落的44.54%。此外，污泥中还记录了其他门类，如拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、浮霉菌门、绿弯菌门、放线菌门和疣微菌门，其比例在13.27%至4.1%之间。在属和种水平上，优势生物未分类（3.62%），属于红螺菌科。此外，基于PICRUSt2的京都基因与基因组百科全书直系同源（KEGG Orthology，KO）分析表明，能量代谢是最丰富的类别，由氧化磷酸化和三羧酸循环驱动。此外，MetaCyc分析揭示了一个强大且适应性强的微生物群落，其主要途径为好氧呼吸I（细胞色素c）和脂肪酸生物合成途径，如顺式-十八碳烯酸生物合成。酶委员会（EC）的分类突出了广泛的酶功能，尤其强调了参与能量产生和生物合成的氧化还原酶和转移酶。本研究为废水处理过程中的微生物群落动态提供了有价值的见解，并确定了它们在氯代木质素废物污染环境中的功能作用。
