Pallister Zachary S, Chung Jayer
Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 390, Houston TX 77030.
Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM 390, Houston TX 77030.
Semin Vasc Surg. 2024 Dec;37(4):419-426. doi: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2024.10.001. Epub 2024 Oct 16.
Chronic kidney disease and dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease are increasing in prevalence in the United States. The costs associated with end-stage renal disease management comprise approximately 1% of the federal government's annual budget. Chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease cause significant derangements of the cardiac and vascular system. Pathophysiologic hallmarks include alterations of the renin-angiotensin system, chronically increased sympathetic tone, calcium and phosphate imbalance, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and uremic toxin accumulation. This results in several pathologies specific to the cardiac and vascular systems, which will each be reviewed separately herein.
在美国，慢性肾脏病和依赖透析的终末期肾病的患病率正在上升。与终末期肾病管理相关的费用约占联邦政府年度预算的1%。慢性肾脏病和终末期肾病会导致心脏和血管系统出现严重紊乱。病理生理特征包括肾素 - 血管紧张素系统的改变、交感神经张力长期增加、钙磷失衡、促炎细胞因子释放以及尿毒症毒素蓄积。这会导致心脏和血管系统出现几种特定的病变，本文将分别对其进行综述。
