Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A promising therapeutic strategy in diabetic osteoporosis.

Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. It is urgent to explore efficient clinical treatment strategies for DOP. It has been found that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs), as an emerging cell-free therapy, show great potential in DOP treatment. MSC-EVs can effectively promote bone formation, inhibit bone resorption, and modulate the inflammatory microenvironment by delivering cargoes of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and proteins to target cells, thereby ameliorating bone loss in DOP. However, there are limited reports on the treatment of DOP with MSC-EVs. To evoke more attention to this potential strategy, this article summarised the extant literature on MSC-EVs for DOP to provide new directions for further research and to promote the application of MSC-EVs in the clinical management of DOP.