Gligorić Kristina, Chiolero Arnaud, Kıcıman Emre, White Ryen W, Horvitz Eric, West Robert
Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
PNAS Nexus. 2024 Nov 16;3(12):pgae517. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae517. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Social influence is a strong determinant of food consumption, which in turn influences the environment and health. Purchasing mimicry, a phenomenon where a person copies another person's purchases, has been identified as the key governing mechanism. Although consistent observations have been made on the role of purchasing mimicry in driving similarities in food consumption, much less is known about the precise prevalence, the affected subpopulations, and the food types most strongly associated with mimicry effects. Here, we study social influence on food choice through carefully designed causal analyses, leveraging the sequential nature of shop queues on a large university campus. In particular, we consider a large number of adjacent purchases where a focal user immediately follows another user ("partner") in the checkout queue and both make a purchase. Across food additions purchased during lunchtime together with a meal, we find that the focal user is significantly more likely to purchase the food item when the partner buys the item, vs. when the partner does not, increasing the purchasing probability by 14% in absolute terms, or by 83% in relative terms. The effect is observed across all food types, but largest for condiments. Furthermore, purchasing mimicry is present across age, gender, and status subpopulations, but strongest for students and the youngest. We elucidate the behavioral mechanism of purchasing mimicry, and derive direct implications for interventions improving dietary behaviors on campus, such as facilitating preordering to reduce detrimental interactions.
社会影响是食物消费的一个重要决定因素,而食物消费反过来又会影响环境和健康。购买模仿是一种人们模仿他人购买行为的现象,已被确定为关键的主导机制。尽管人们对购买模仿在推动食物消费相似性方面的作用已有一致观察,但对于其确切发生率、受影响的亚群体以及与模仿效应关联最紧密的食物类型,我们所知甚少。在此,我们通过精心设计的因果分析,利用大学校园商店排队的先后顺序来研究社会影响对食物选择的作用。具体而言,我们考虑大量相邻购买行为,即一名焦点用户在结账队列中紧随另一名用户(“伙伴”)之后进行购买,且两人都进行了消费。在午餐时段与一顿饭一起购买的各类食物中,我们发现,与伙伴未购买某食物时相比,当伙伴购买该食物时,焦点用户购买该食物的可能性显著更高,绝对购买概率提高了14%,相对购买概率提高了83%。这种效应在所有食物类型中都有观察到,但在调味品上最为明显。此外,购买模仿在不同年龄、性别和身份亚群体中都存在,但在学生和最年轻人群中最为强烈。我们阐明了购买模仿的行为机制,并得出了对改善校园饮食行为干预措施的直接启示,比如促进预购以减少有害互动。