Alabi Okunola Adenrele, Ashamo Olufemi M, Akinyanju Rhema Adedamola, Faleye Florence Yosola, Afolabi Tomiwa Amos, Ayeni Funmilayo Esther, Adeoluwa Yetunde Mercy
Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 340252, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Toxicol Res (Camb). 2024 Dec 13;13(6):tfae213. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfae213. eCollection 2024 Dec.
As the demand for fish increases, the amount of wastewater generated from fishponds is also increasing with potential environmental and public health effects from their indiscriminate disposal. This study aimed at comparative analyses of the physicochemical and heavy metal constituents and potential DNA damage by wastewaters from natural and artificial fishponds using assay. were grown on 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, and 50.0% (v/v; wastewater/tap water) concentrations of each wastewater. At 48 and 72 h, respectively, genotoxic and root growth inhibition analyses were carried out on the exposed onions. The onion root tips exposed to wastewaters showed a significant ( < 0.05) inhibition of root growth and cell division in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, chromosomal abnormalities like spindle disturbances, sticky chromosomes, micronucleus, bridges, and binucleated cells were observed in the exposed onions and their induction was higher significantly relative to the negative control. Generally, wastewater from the natural fishpond caused higher chromosomal aberrations than the wastewater from artificial fishpond. It is our belief that the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity observed in the onions were primarily caused by heavy metals like Cr, Cd, Fe, Pb, Cu, and Zn found in the wastewaters. These metals also showed a significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks in children and adults with Cd as the highest contributor to these detrimental risks. Ingestion route was the major exposure route to the toxic metals in these wastewaters. Wastewater from the natural fishpond showed a higher health risk than the wastewater from the artificial fishpond. These findings suggest that the wastewaters from natural and artificial fishpond contain compounds that might induce cytogenotoxicity in exposed organisms.
随着对鱼类需求的增加，鱼塘产生的废水量也在增加，其随意排放可能对环境和公众健康产生影响。本研究旨在通过试验对天然和人工鱼塘废水的理化成分、重金属成分以及潜在的DNA损伤进行比较分析。将洋葱分别培养在各废水浓度为3.13%、6.25%、12.5%、25.0%和50.0%（体积/体积；废水/自来水）的环境中。分别在48小时和72小时时，对暴露的洋葱进行遗传毒性和根生长抑制分析。暴露于废水的洋葱根尖显示出根生长和细胞分裂受到显著（P<0.05）抑制，且呈浓度依赖性。此外，在暴露的洋葱中观察到染色体异常，如纺锤体紊乱、染色体粘连、微核、桥和双核细胞，其诱导率相对于阴性对照显著更高。总体而言，天然鱼塘废水比人工鱼塘废水导致更高的染色体畸变。我们认为，在洋葱中观察到的细胞毒性和遗传毒性主要是由废水中发现的铬、镉、铁、铅、铜和锌等重金属引起的。这些金属在儿童和成人中也显示出显著的致癌和非致癌风险，其中镉是这些有害风险的最大贡献者。摄入途径是这些废水中有毒金属的主要暴露途径。天然鱼塘废水比人工鱼塘废水显示出更高的健康风险。这些发现表明，天然和人工鱼塘废水含有可能在暴露生物中诱导细胞遗传毒性的化合物。
