c.1155-3A>G is a pathogenic variant that causes aberrant splicing, disrupted parafibromin expression, and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome.

Germline and somatic pathogenic variants in the gene, encoding the nuclear protein parafibromin, increase the risk for parathyroid carcinoma and cause hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) syndromes known as familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT). The identification of pathogenic germline variants in PHPT-susceptibility genes can influence surgical planning for parathyroidectomy, guide screening for potential syndromic manifestations, and identify/exonerate at-risk family members. Numerous types of pathogenic germline variants have been described for -related conditions, including deletion, truncating, missense, and splice site mutations. Here, we report identification of a non-coding germline variant ( c.1155-3A > G), previously categorized as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS), in a family with HPT-JT. This variant, found in two family members with PHPT, altered splicing in peripheral blood cells and disrupted parafibromin immunostaining in associated parathyroid adenomas, strongly evidencing its pathogenicity. Sestamibi scintigraphy yielded nondiagnostic localization results for both patients' parathyroid adenomas, consistent with prior studies suggesting lower sensitivity for small or cystic lesions. Our findings demonstrate key aspects of -related disorders, highlight the diagnostic value of RNA testing, and exemplify the importance of obtaining a thorough, three-generational family history.