Faryal Joham, Rajkanna Jeyanthy, Oyibo Samson O
Diabetes and Endocrinology, Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, GBR.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 13;16(12):e75659. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75659. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that secretes excess catecholamines. Patients present with a classical triad of headache, palpitations, and sweating. If untreated, pheochromocytoma can result in life-threatening cardiovascular complications. Diagnosing pheochromocytoma is often challenging due to its atypical presentation, infrequent occurrence, and the fact that a small number of patients are asymptomatic, and very few pheochromocytomas are malignant. Here, we report a case of an 80-year-old man who was referred to the endocrine clinic after an incidental finding of an adrenal tumour. He did not have any symptoms related to pheochromocytoma. He had a 20-year complex cardiac history, including nine cardiac ischemic events, seven coronary artery stent placements, and a coronary bypass grafting procedure. He remained symptomatic, and coronary angiographic studies continued to demonstrate obstructed coronary arteries despite being on adequate secondary prevention. He also had type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and subclinical hypothyroidism. Both urinary and plasma catecholamines were elevated, confirming a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a right subpleural mass and a left adrenal mass. A dedicated magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a large left heterogenous adrenal lesion. A fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan suggested that the subpleural mass and the adrenal mass could be malignant. He was commenced on medical treatment (alpha-blockade) and had no further ischaemic-related symptoms or cardiac events. Serial scans thereafter have indicated no increase in the size of both lesions. This case serves as a reminder and highlights the importance of asymptomatic pheochromocytoma.
嗜铬细胞瘤是一种罕见的神经内分泌肿瘤,可分泌过量的儿茶酚胺。患者通常表现为头痛、心悸和出汗这一典型三联征。如果不进行治疗,嗜铬细胞瘤可导致危及生命的心血管并发症。由于其非典型表现、发病率低,以及少数患者无症状且恶性嗜铬细胞瘤极少,嗜铬细胞瘤的诊断往往具有挑战性。在此,我们报告一例80岁男性病例,该患者在偶然发现肾上腺肿瘤后被转诊至内分泌门诊。他没有任何与嗜铬细胞瘤相关的症状。他有20年的复杂心脏病史,包括9次心脏缺血事件、7次冠状动脉支架置入和1次冠状动脉搭桥手术。尽管接受了充分的二级预防,他仍有症状,冠状动脉造影研究继续显示冠状动脉阻塞。他还患有1型糖尿病、高血压和亚临床甲状腺功能减退。尿儿茶酚胺和血浆儿茶酚胺均升高,确诊为嗜铬细胞瘤。计算机断层扫描显示右胸膜下肿块和左肾上腺肿块。专门的磁共振成像扫描显示左肾上腺有一个大的不均匀病变。氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描提示胸膜下肿块和肾上腺肿块可能为恶性。他开始接受药物治疗(α受体阻滞剂),此后没有出现进一步的缺血相关症状或心脏事件。此后的系列扫描显示两个病变的大小均未增加。该病例起到了警示作用,突出了无症状嗜铬细胞瘤的重要性。