Alt Marius, Bruns Hendrik, Della Valle Nives
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Rue du Champ de Mars 21, 1049 Brussels, Belgium.
J Environ Econ Manage. 2024 Nov;128:None. doi: 10.1016/j.jeem.2024.103061.
Incentivising prosocial and pro-environmental behaviours is a sensitive endeavour. While behavioural change is urgently needed to mitigate the consequences of climate change, monetary interventions often have negative side effects. Such interventions are prone to motivation crowding, which can impede lasting positive behavioural change and stimulate negative temporal spillovers to other prosocial behaviours. In this study, we investigate whether implementing monetary interventions as part of policy mixes can mitigate these negative side effects. In an online experiment involving 3782 participants, we test whether the use of nudges that make personal and social norms salient can counteract the motivation-crowding effect and explore the effects of such policy mixes on temporal spillovers. We find that policy mixes of norm-based nudges and monetary incentives are more effective at stimulating engagement in targeted prosocial behaviour than no intervention when controlling for sample characteristics. Analysing the temporal spillover effects of these interventions reveals that policy mixes can alleviate the tendency of monetary incentives to negatively affect subsequent prosocial behaviour. This indicates that norm-based nudges are suitable complements to monetary interventions, facilitating long-lasting positive effects.
激励亲社会和亲环境行为是一项敏感的工作。虽然迫切需要行为改变来减轻气候变化的后果，但货币干预往往会产生负面影响。此类干预容易引发动机挤出效应，这可能会阻碍持久的积极行为改变，并刺激对其他亲社会行为产生负面的时间溢出效应。在本研究中，我们调查将货币干预作为政策组合的一部分来实施是否能够减轻这些负面影响。在一项有3782名参与者的在线实验中，我们测试突出个人和社会规范的助推措施的使用是否能够抵消动机挤出效应，并探究此类政策组合对时间溢出效应的影响。我们发现，在控制样本特征的情况下，基于规范的助推措施与货币激励相结合的政策组合，在刺激目标亲社会行为参与度方面比不进行干预更有效。对这些干预措施的时间溢出效应进行分析后发现，政策组合可以减轻货币激励对后续亲社会行为产生负面影响的倾向。这表明基于规范的助推措施是货币干预的合适补充，有助于产生持久的积极效果。
