Dekkers Mette C, Pu Xudong, Enciso-Martinez Agustin, Zaldumbide Arnaud
Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Cells. 2024 Dec 3;13(23):1996. doi: 10.3390/cells13231996.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by an autoimmune response specifically mounted against the insulin-producing beta cells. Within the islet, high cellular connectivity and extensive vascularisation facilitate intra-islet communication and direct crosstalk with the surrounding tissues and the immune system. During the development of T1D, cytokines and extracellular vesicles released by beta cells can contribute to the recruitment of immune cells, further amplifying autoimmunity and aggravating beta cell damage and dysfunction. In this review, we will evaluate the role of beta-cell-derived extracellular vesicles as mediators of the autoimmune response and discuss their potential for early diagnosis and new therapeutic strategies in T1D.
1型糖尿病（T1D）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，其特征是针对产生胰岛素的β细胞产生特异性自身免疫反应。在胰岛内，高度的细胞连接性和广泛的血管化促进了胰岛内的通讯以及与周围组织和免疫系统的直接相互作用。在T1D的发展过程中，β细胞释放的细胞因子和细胞外囊泡可促进免疫细胞的募集，进一步放大自身免疫并加重β细胞损伤和功能障碍。在这篇综述中，我们将评估β细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡作为自身免疫反应介质的作用，并讨论它们在T1D早期诊断和新治疗策略中的潜力。
