Zemanová Veronika, Pavlíková Daniela, Novák Milan, Hnilička František
Department of Nutrition Management, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, Ruzyně, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Nov 29;13(23):3363. doi: 10.3390/plants13233363.
The effects of zinc (Zn) on the physiology of spinach ( L.) were investigated in a pot experiment with increasing Zn contents in the horticultural substrate (0, 75, 150, and 300 mg Zn kg). Interactions among nutrients in the substrate solution affected plant vitality, biomass yield, and nutrient content in plants. The water-soluble Zn fraction increased with the Zn dose, rising from 0.26 mg kg in the Control to 0.98 mg kg in the Zn300 treatment. The most pronounced effects of elevated Zn content were observed for Ca, Mg, and Mn. In spinach, the dual role of Zn was evident through its impact on yield, particularly regarding aboveground biomass. The positive effects of Zn doses up to 150 mg kg were supported by the tolerance index (TI). In contrast, the 300 mg kg Zn dose exhibited toxic effects, resulting in a 33.3% decrease in the yield of aboveground biomass and a TI value of 0.7. The effects of Zn on nutrient content in aboveground biomass varied with the dose, and the relationship between Zn and P, Fe, Mn, Ca, and K content confirmed a correlation. The toxic effect of the Zn300 treatment was evidenced by a decrease in Ca, Cu, and Fe contents. Additionally, the results of the Zn300 treatment indicated a negative effect on the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and photosynthesis, likely due to induced oxidative stress. The production of oxalic acid also suggested a toxic effect of the highest Zn dose on spinach.
通过在园艺基质中增加锌含量（0、75、150和300毫克锌/千克）的盆栽试验，研究了锌（Zn）对菠菜（L.）生理特性的影响。基质溶液中养分之间的相互作用影响了植物活力、生物量产量和植物中的养分含量。水溶性锌部分随锌剂量增加而增加，从对照中的0.26毫克/千克升至锌300处理中的0.98毫克/千克。锌含量升高对钙、镁和锰的影响最为明显。在菠菜中，锌的双重作用通过其对产量的影响明显体现出来，特别是对地上生物量而言。锌剂量高达150毫克/千克时的积极作用得到了耐性指数（TI）的支持。相比之下，300毫克/千克的锌剂量表现出毒性作用，导致地上生物量产量下降33.3%，耐性指数值为0.7。锌对地上生物量中养分含量的影响随剂量而变化，锌与磷、铁、锰、钙和钾含量之间的关系证实了相关性。锌300处理的毒性作用表现为钙、铜和铁含量降低。此外，锌300处理的结果表明对光合色素合成和光合作用有负面影响，这可能是由于诱导的氧化应激所致。草酸的产生也表明最高锌剂量对菠菜具有毒性作用。
