Liu Huilong, Korukonda Tulja Bhavani, Bansal Shubhra
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Nov 28;14(23):1914. doi: 10.3390/nano14231914.
Solar-driven hydrogen generation is one of the promising technologies developed to address the world's growing energy demand in an sustainable way. While, for hydrogen generation (otherwise water splitting), photocatalytic, photoelectrochemical, and PV-integrated water splitting systems employing conventional semiconductor oxides materials and their electrodes have been under investigation for over a decade, lead (Pb)- halide perovskites (HPs) made their debut in 2016. Since then, the exceptional characteristics of these materials, such as their tunable optoelectronic properties, ease of processing, high absorption coefficients, and long diffusion lengths, have positioned them as a highly promising material for solar-driven water splitting. Like in solar photovoltaics, a solar-driven water splitting field is also dominated by Pb-HPs with ongoing efforts to improve material stability and hydrogen evolution/generation rate (HER). Despite this, with the unveiling potential of various Pb-free HP compositions in photovoltaics and optoelectronics researchers were inspired to explore the potential of these materials in water splitting. In this current review, we outlined the fundamentals of water splitting, provided a summary of Pb HPs in this field, and the associated issues are presented. Subsequently, Pb-free HP compositions and strategies employed for improving the photocatalytic and/or electrochemical activity of the material are discussed in detail. Finally, this review presents existing issues and the future potential of lead-free HPs, which show potential for enhancing productivity of solar-to-hydrogen conversion technologies.
太阳能驱动制氢是为以可持续方式满足全球不断增长的能源需求而开发的一项有前景的技术。虽然，对于制氢（即水分解）而言，采用传统半导体氧化物材料及其电极的光催化、光电化学和光伏集成水分解系统已经研究了十多年，但铅（Pb）卤化物钙钛矿（HPs）于2016年首次亮相。从那时起，这些材料的卓越特性，如可调谐的光电特性、易于加工、高吸收系数和长扩散长度，使它们成为太阳能驱动水分解的极具前景的材料。与太阳能光伏领域一样，太阳能驱动水分解领域也由铅卤化物钙钛矿主导，人们一直在努力提高材料稳定性和析氢/产氢速率（HER）。尽管如此，随着各种无铅钙钛矿组合物在光伏和光电子领域展现出的潜力，研究人员受到启发，开始探索这些材料在水分解中的潜力。在本综述中，我们概述了水分解的基本原理，总结了该领域的铅卤化物钙钛矿，并介绍了相关问题。随后，详细讨论了用于提高材料光催化和/或电化学活性的无铅钙钛矿组合物和策略。最后，本综述介绍了无铅钙钛矿目前存在的问题及其未来潜力，这些无铅钙钛矿在提高太阳能到氢能转换技术的生产率方面显示出潜力。
