Hernández-Moreno Angélica, Vásquez-Palma Olga, Castillo-Cárdenas Leonardo, Erices-Reyes Juan, Guzmán-Jiménez Alexsa, Domínguez-Scheid Carlos, Girona-Gamarra María, Cáceres-Senn Marco, Hochstetter-Diez Jorge
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, y Centro de Estudios y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811240, Chile.
Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 26;16(23):4042. doi: 10.3390/nu16234042.
The increase in population longevity often occurs in contexts of inequity and relative poverty, accompanied by economic deterioration. This becomes a social determinant that has a direct impact on food security. This phenomenon particularly affects certain groups and territories, although there is still a lack of disaggregated references. Intersections between factors such as being a rural inhabitant, Indigenous, woman, or elderly person are observed in relation to food security, which forces us to pay greater attention to gaps that have remained invisible for years.
The objective of this study is to analyze the main factors that affect the food security of Mapuche men and women over 60 years of age living in the rural area of Temuco, Chile.
Qualitative, descriptive, and interpretative research was carried out, observing the process from the interpretative symbolic paradigm and the complexity approach.
The data are made up of the discourses of these subjects, whose analysis allowed for the identification of results. These results show that producing their own food enables rural Mapuche elders to achieve food security. The cultural food heritage preserved by Mapuche elders, especially women, acts as a facilitating factor, as do community spaces that reinforce their culture. Among the obstacles to food security are migration to the city for work, pathological aging, and the limited production of culturally healthy foods (affected by environmental problems, cultural changes, the destabilization of group identity, and public policies that are incongruent with the territorial worldview).
While rural Mapuche elders retain valuable practices for their food security, inadequate policies, migration and environmental degradation present significant challenges.
人口寿命的延长往往发生在不平等和相对贫困的背景下，同时伴随着经济恶化。这成为对粮食安全有直接影响的一个社会决定因素。这种现象尤其影响到某些群体和地区，尽管仍然缺乏分类参考资料。在粮食安全方面，可以观察到农村居民、原住民、妇女或老年人等因素之间的交叉情况，这迫使我们更加关注多年来一直被忽视的差距。
本研究的目的是分析影响居住在智利特木科农村地区60岁以上马普切族男女粮食安全的主要因素。
采用定性、描述性和解释性研究方法，从解释性符号范式和复杂性方法的角度观察这一过程。
数据由这些研究对象的话语组成，对其进行分析后得出了研究结果。这些结果表明，自给自足使农村马普切族老年人能够实现粮食安全。马普切族老年人，尤其是女性所保留的文化饮食传统，以及强化其文化的社区空间，都起到了促进作用。粮食安全的障碍包括为了工作而移居城市、病理性衰老，以及文化上健康的食物产量有限（受到环境问题、文化变迁、群体认同的不稳定以及与当地世界观不一致的公共政策的影响）。
虽然农村马普切族老年人保留了对其粮食安全有价值的做法，但政策不完善、移民和环境退化带来了重大挑战。
