Chondrou Thiresia, Adamidi Nikoleta, Lygouras Dimosthenis, Hirota Simon A, Androutsos Odysseas, Svolos Vaios
Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
Computer Science Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 65404 Kavala, Greece.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 27;16(23):4069. doi: 10.3390/nu16234069.
Phytic acid is abundant in plant-based diets and acts as a micronutrient inhibitor for humans and non-ruminant animals. Phytases are enzymes that break down phytic acid, releasing micronutrients and enhancing their bioavailability, particularly iron and zinc. Deficiencies in iron and zinc are significant public health problems, especially among populations with disease-associated malnutrition or those in developing countries consuming phytic acid-rich diets. This narrative review aimed to summarize findings from human intervention studies on the interactions between phytic acid, phytase, and micronutrient bioavailability.
An extensive PubMed search (1 January 1990 to 8 February 2024) was conducted using MeSH terms (phytic acid, phytase, IP6, "inositol hexaphosphate," micronutrient, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc). Eligible studies included human intervention trials investigating the bioavailability of micronutrients following (a) phytase supplementation, (b) consumption of phytic acid-rich foods, or (c) consumption of dephytinized foods. In vitro, animal, cross-sectional, and non-English studies were excluded.
3055 articles were identified. After the title and full-text review, 40 articles were eligible. Another 2 were identified after cross-checking reference lists from included papers, resulting in 42 included articles. Most studies exploring the efficacy of exogenous phytase (9 of 11, 82%) or the efficacy of food dephytinization (11 of 14, 79%) demonstrated augmented iron and zinc bioavailability. Most phytic acid-rich food-feeding studies (13 of 17, 77%) showed compromised iron and zinc bioavailability.
Strong evidence supports decreased iron and zinc bioavailability in phytic acid-rich diets and significant improvements with phytase interventions. Studies of longer periods and within larger populations are needed.
植酸在以植物为基础的饮食中含量丰富,对人类和非反刍动物而言是一种微量营养素抑制剂。植酸酶是一种能分解植酸的酶,可释放微量营养素并提高其生物利用度,尤其是铁和锌。铁和锌缺乏是重大的公共卫生问题,在患有疾病相关营养不良的人群或食用富含植酸饮食的发展中国家人群中尤为突出。本叙述性综述旨在总结人体干预研究中关于植酸、植酸酶和微量营养素生物利用度之间相互作用的研究结果。
利用医学主题词(植酸、植酸酶、IP6、“肌醇六磷酸”、微量营养素、镁、钙、铁、锌)在PubMed数据库中进行了广泛检索(检索时间为1990年1月1日至2024年2月8日)。符合条件的研究包括人体干预试验,这些试验研究了在以下情况下微量营养素的生物利用度:(a)补充植酸酶后,(b)食用富含植酸的食物后,或(c)食用去植酸食物后。体外研究、动物研究、横断面研究和非英文研究均被排除。
共识别出3055篇文章。经过标题和全文审查,40篇文章符合条件。在对纳入论文的参考文献列表进行交叉核对后,又识别出2篇文章,最终纳入42篇文章。大多数探索外源性植酸酶疗效的研究(11篇中的9篇,82%)或食物去植酸疗效的研究(14篇中的11篇,79%)表明铁和锌的生物利用度有所提高。大多数富含植酸食物喂养研究(17篇中的13篇,77%)表明铁和锌的生物利用度受损。
有力证据支持富含植酸的饮食会降低铁和锌的生物利用度,而植酸酶干预可显著改善这一情况。需要开展更长时间和更大规模人群的研究。