Młynarska Ewelina, Wasiak Jakub, Gajewska Agata, Bilińska Aleksandra, Steć Greta, Jasińska Joanna, Rysz Jacek, Franczyk Beata
Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 27;16(23):4079. doi: 10.3390/nu16234079.
Arterial hypertension is a major contributor to a wide range of health complications, with cardiac hypertrophy and chronic kidney disease being among the most prevalent. Consequently, novel strategies for the treatment and prevention of hypertension are actively being explored. Recent research has highlighted a potential link between hypertension and the gut-brain axis. A bidirectional communication between the microbiota and the brain via the vagus nerve, enteric nervous system, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, secreted short-chain fatty acids, and neurotransmitter metabolism.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed to identify studies exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and hypertension, along with the effects of dietary interventions and probiotics on blood pressure regulation.
Studies in both animal models and human subjects have demonstrated a strong correlation between alterations in gut microbiota composition and the development of hypertension. By influencing blood pressure, the gut microbiota can potentially affect the progression of cardiovascular and kidney disorders. Modulating gut microbiota through dietary interventions and probiotics has shown promise in regulating blood pressure and reducing systemic inflammation, offering a novel approach to managing hypertension. Diets such as the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids and low in sodium, promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria that support cardiovascular health. Additionally, probiotics have been found to enhance gut barrier function, reduce inflammation, and modulate the Renin-Angiotensin System, all of which contribute to lowering blood pressure.
Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms of action of the microbiota in hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of gut microbiota on blood pressure regulation and the progression of hypertension-related complications, such as cardiovascular and kidney disorders.
动脉高血压是多种健康并发症的主要促成因素，心脏肥大和慢性肾脏病是其中最常见的。因此，正在积极探索治疗和预防高血压的新策略。最近的研究突出了高血压与肠-脑轴之间的潜在联系。微生物群与大脑之间通过迷走神经、肠神经系统、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、分泌的短链脂肪酸和神经递质代谢进行双向通信。
使用PubMed等数据库进行了全面的文献检索，以确定探索肠道微生物群与高血压之间关系的研究，以及饮食干预和益生菌对血压调节的影响。
动物模型和人类受试者的研究均表明，肠道微生物群组成的改变与高血压的发生之间存在密切关联。通过影响血压，肠道微生物群可能会影响心血管和肾脏疾病的进展。通过饮食干预和益生菌调节肠道微生物群已显示出在调节血压和减轻全身炎症方面的前景，为管理高血压提供了一种新方法。富含多酚和ω-3脂肪酸且钠含量低的地中海饮食等饮食，可促进支持心血管健康的有益肠道细菌的生长。此外，已发现益生菌可增强肠道屏障功能、减轻炎症并调节肾素-血管紧张素系统，所有这些都有助于降低血压。
需要进一步研究以确定微生物群在高血压中的作用机制。本研究的目的是评估肠道微生物群对血压调节以及高血压相关并发症（如心血管和肾脏疾病）进展的影响。
