Tsakalof Andreas, Sysoev Alexey A, Vyatkina Kira V, Eganov Alexander A, Eroshchenko Nikolay N, Kiryushin Alexey N, Adamov Alexey Yu, Danilova Elena Yu, Nosyrev Alexander E
Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41111 Larissa, Greece.
Laboratory of Applied Ion Physics and Mass Spectrometry, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409 Moscow, Russia.
Molecules. 2024 Dec 9;29(23):5808. doi: 10.3390/molecules29235808.
Mass-spectrometry-based assays nowadays play an essential role in biomedical research and clinical applications. There are different types of commercial mass spectrometers on the market today, and triple quadrupole (QqQ) is one of the time-honored systems. Here, we overview the main areas of QqQ applications in biomedicine and assess the current level, evolution, and trends in the use of QqQ in these areas. Relevant data were extracted from the Scopus database using the specified terms and Boolean operators defined for each field of the QqQ application. We also discuss the recent advances in QqQ and QqQ-based analytical platforms, which promote the clinical application of these systems, and explain the indicated substantial increase in triple quadrupole use in biomedicine. The number of biomedical studies utilizing QqQ increased 2-3 times this decade. Triple quadrupole is most intensively used in the field of endocrine research and testing. On the contrary, the relative rate of immunoassay utilization-a major competitor of chromatography-mass spectrometry-decreased in this area as well as its use within Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and forensic toxicology. Nowadays, the applications of high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) mass spectrometers in the investigated areas represent only a small fraction of the total amount of research using mass spectrometry; however, their application substantially increased during the last decade in the untargeted search for new biomarkers.
如今，基于质谱的检测方法在生物医学研究和临床应用中发挥着至关重要的作用。当今市场上有不同类型的商用质谱仪，三重四极杆（QqQ）是历史悠久的系统之一。在此，我们概述了QqQ在生物医学中的主要应用领域，并评估了这些领域中QqQ的使用现状、发展历程和趋势。使用为QqQ应用的每个领域定义的特定术语和布尔运算符，从Scopus数据库中提取了相关数据。我们还讨论了QqQ以及基于QqQ的分析平台的最新进展，这些进展推动了这些系统的临床应用，并解释了生物医学中三重四极杆使用量显著增加的原因。在这十年中，利用QqQ的生物医学研究数量增加了2至3倍。三重四极杆在内分泌研究和检测领域的使用最为密集。相反，免疫分析（色谱 - 质谱的主要竞争对手）在该领域的使用相对率以及在治疗药物监测（TDM）和法医毒理学中的使用都有所下降。如今，高分辨率精确质量（HRAM）质谱仪在所研究领域的应用仅占使用质谱的研究总量的一小部分；然而，在过去十年中，它们在寻找新生物标志物的非靶向研究中的应用大幅增加。
