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碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料（层压板）在环氧树脂和聚醚醚酮粘结剂作用下，经过冲击及随后的压缩载荷后的射线照相检测。

Radiographic Inspection of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites (Laminates) with Epoxy and PEEK Binders After Impact and Subsequent Compression Loading.

作者信息

Kosmachev Pavel V, Stepanov Dmitry Yu, Tyazhev Anton V, Vinnik Alexander E, Eremin Alexander V, Tolbanov Oleg P, Panin Sergey V

机构信息

Microelectronics of Multispectral Quantum Introscopy Laboratory of the R&D Center "Advanced Electronic Technologies", National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.

Laboratory of Mechanics of Polymer Composite Materials, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia.

出版信息

Polymers (Basel). 2024 Nov 23;16(23):3262. doi: 10.3390/polym16233262.

DOI:10.3390/polym16233262
PMID:39684007
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11644796/
Abstract

An approach to detecting discontinuities in carbon fiber-reinforced polymers, caused by impact loading followed by compression testing, was developed. An X-ray sensor-based installation was used, while some algorithms were developed to improve the quality of the obtained low-contrast radiographic images with negligible signal-to-noise ratios. For epoxy/AF (#1) composite subjected to a "high-velocity" steel-ball impact with subsequent compression loading, it was not possible to detect discontinuities since the orientation of the extended zone of interlayer delamination was perpendicular to the irradiation axis. After drop-weight impacts with subsequent compression loading of epoxy/CF (#2) and PEEK/CF (#3) composites, the main cracks were formed in their central parts. This area was reliably detected through the improved radiographic images being more contrasted compared to that for composite #3, for which the damaged area was similar in shape but smaller. The phase variation and congruency methods were employed to highlight low-contrast objects in the radiographic images. The phase variation procedure showed higher efficiency in detecting small objects, while phase congruency is preferable for highlighting large objects. To assess the degree of image improvement, several metrics were implemented. In the analysis of the model images, the most indicative was the PSNR parameter (with a S-N ratio greater than the unit), confirming an increase in image contrast and a decrease in noise level. The NIQE and PIQE parameters enabled the correct assessment of image quality even with the S-N ratio being less than a unit.

摘要

开发了一种检测碳纤维增强聚合物中由冲击载荷后进行压缩测试引起的不连续性的方法。使用了基于X射线传感器的装置，同时还开发了一些算法来提高所获得的低对比度射线图像的质量，这些图像的信噪比可忽略不计。对于经受“高速”钢球冲击并随后进行压缩加载的环氧/芳纶纤维（#1）复合材料，由于层间分层扩展区的取向垂直于辐照轴，因此无法检测到不连续性。在对环氧/碳纤维（#2）和聚醚醚酮/碳纤维（#3）复合材料进行落锤冲击并随后进行压缩加载后，主要裂纹在其中心部分形成。通过改进后的射线图像可靠地检测到了该区域，与复合材料#3相比，改进后的射线图像对比度更高，复合材料#3的受损区域形状相似但较小。采用相位变化和相位一致性方法来突出射线图像中的低对比度物体。相位变化过程在检测小物体方面显示出更高的效率，而相位一致性更适合突出大物体。为了评估图像改进程度，实施了几个指标。在对模型图像的分析中，最具指示性的是PSNR参数（信噪比大于1），证实了图像对比度的增加和噪声水平的降低。即使信噪比小于1，NIQE和PIQE参数也能正确评估图像质量。

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