Duarte Hugo, Brás João, Hassani El Mokhtar Saoudi, Aliaño-Gonzalez María José, Magalhães Solange, Alves Luís, Valente Artur J M, Eivazi Alireza, Norgren Magnus, Romano Anabela, Medronho Bruno
MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Laboratory of Engineering Electrochemistry, Modelling, and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30050, Morocco.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Nov 27;16(23):3315. doi: 10.3390/polym16233315.
Worldwide, populations face issues related to water and energy consumption. Water scarcity has intensified globally, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. Projections indicate that by 2030, global water demand will rise by 50%, leading to critical shortages, further intensified by the impacts of climate change. Moreover, wastewater treatment needs further development, given the presence of persistent organic pollutants, such as dyes and pharmaceuticals. In addition, the continuous increase in energy demand and rising prices directly impact households and businesses, highlighting the importance of energy savings through effective building insulation. In this regard, tannin-furanic foams are recognized as promising sustainable foams due to their fire resistance, low thermal conductivity, and high water and chemical stability. In this study, tannin and lignin rigid foams were explored not only for their traditional applications but also as versatile materials suitable for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, a systematic approach demonstrates the complete replacement of the tannin-furan foam phenol source with two lignins that mainly differ in molecular weight and pH, as well as how these parameters affect the rigid foam structure and methylene blue (MB) removal capacity. Alkali-lignin-based foams exhibited notable MB adsorption capacity (220 mg g), with kinetic and equilibrium data analysis suggesting a multilayer adsorption process. The prepared foams demonstrated the ability to be recycled for at least five adsorption-desorption cycles and exhibited effective flame retardant properties. When exposed to a butane flame for 5 min, the foams did not release smoke or ignite, nor did they contribute to flame propagation, with the red glow dissipating only 20 s after flame exposure.
在全球范围内，人们面临着与水和能源消耗相关的问题。全球水资源短缺问题日益严重，特别是在干旱和半干旱地区。预测表明，到2030年，全球水需求将增长50%，导致严重短缺，气候变化的影响将进一步加剧这一情况。此外，鉴于存在染料和药品等持久性有机污染物，废水处理需要进一步发展。此外，能源需求的持续增长和价格上涨直接影响家庭和企业，凸显了通过有效的建筑隔热实现节能的重要性。在这方面，单宁-呋喃泡沫因其耐火性、低导热性以及高水稳定性和化学稳定性而被认为是有前景的可持续泡沫。在本研究中，不仅探索了单宁和木质素硬质泡沫的传统应用，还将其作为适用于废水处理的多功能材料进行了研究。此外，一种系统方法展示了如何用两种主要在分子量和pH值上不同的木质素完全替代单宁-呋喃泡沫中的酚源，以及这些参数如何影响硬质泡沫结构和亚甲基蓝（MB）去除能力。基于碱木质素的泡沫表现出显著的MB吸附容量（220 mg/g），动力学和平衡数据分析表明这是一个多层吸附过程。制备的泡沫显示出至少可循环进行五个吸附-解吸循环的能力，并具有有效的阻燃性能。当暴露于丁烷火焰5分钟时，泡沫不会释放烟雾或着火，也不会助燃，火焰暴露后仅20秒红光就消散了。
