Hao Fei, Cui Zhigang, Dong Xuan, Gao Yan, Wang Rongjin, Zhang Hui, Lin Guolin
College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University of Sichuan Province, Xichang 615000, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Nov 26;25(23):12717. doi: 10.3390/ijms252312717.
Saline-alkaline stress is a major factor limiting agricultural development, with calcium (Ca) playing a role in regulating plant tolerance through multiple signaling pathways. However, the specific mechanisms by which Ca mediates saline-alkaline stress tolerance at the molecular level remain incompletely understood. This study investigates the effects of exogenous Ca application on enhancing plant tolerance to saline-alkaline stress, focusing on its impact on the antioxidant system and Ca and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways. Through physiological assays and transcriptomic analyses, we evaluated oxidative damage markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the expression of key Ca and ROS signaling genes. The results showed that saline-alkaline stress significantly elevated ROS levels, which led to increased membrane lipid peroxidation and induced upregulation of antioxidant response elements in castor roots. Exogenous calcium treatment reduced ROS accumulation by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities and decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, demonstrating a marked improvement in the antioxidant system. Transcriptomic analysis identified (LOC107261240) as the primary target gene associated with increased CAT activity in response to exogenous calcium. Additionally, the upregulation of specific Ca channels, Ca sensors, ROS receptors, and antioxidant-related genes with calcium treatment highlights the critical role of Ca-ROS signaling crosstalk in enhancing stress tolerance. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified and other hub genes involved in Ca-ROS signaling transduction and the regulation of antioxidant activity. These findings enhance our understanding of calcium's complex regulatory roles in plant abiotic stress responses, offering new theoretical insights for improving crop resilience in agriculture.
盐碱胁迫是限制农业发展的主要因素，钙（Ca）通过多种信号通路在调节植物耐受性方面发挥作用。然而，Ca在分子水平上介导盐碱胁迫耐受性的具体机制仍不完全清楚。本研究调查了外源施Ca对增强植物耐盐碱胁迫能力的影响，重点关注其对抗氧化系统以及Ca和活性氧（ROS）信号通路的影响。通过生理测定和转录组分析，我们评估了氧化损伤标记物、抗氧化酶活性以及关键Ca和ROS信号基因的表达。结果表明，盐碱胁迫显著提高了ROS水平，导致膜脂过氧化增加，并诱导蓖麻根中抗氧化反应元件上调。外源钙处理通过增加超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性以及降低丙二醛（MDA）水平来减少ROS积累，表明抗氧化系统有显著改善。转录组分析确定 （LOC107261240）是与外源钙处理后CAT活性增加相关的主要靶基因。此外，钙处理后特定Ca通道、Ca传感器、ROS受体和抗氧化相关基因的上调突出了Ca-ROS信号串扰在增强胁迫耐受性中的关键作用。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用分析确定了 以及其他参与Ca-ROS信号转导和抗氧化活性调节的枢纽基因。这些发现加深了我们对钙在植物非生物胁迫反应中复杂调节作用的理解，为提高农业作物抗逆性提供了新的理论见解。
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