Stradtman Sydney C, Swihart Jenna N, Moore Kaylin, Akoro Isabelle N, Ahkin Chin Tai Janiel K, Tamagno Wagner Antonio, Freeman Jennifer L
School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 5;25(23):13066. doi: 10.3390/ijms252313066.
Atrazine is an endocrine-disrupting herbicide, with exposure impacting adverse outcomes along multiple endocrine pathways. This study investigated the neuroendocrine system as the central target of atrazine toxicity, examining effects of early developmental exposures on neurohormones and genes associated with kisspeptin, hypothalamic, pituitary, and dopamine systems. Zebrafish were exposed to 0, 0.3, 3, or 30 ppb (µg/L) atrazine during two developmental time windows. For neurohormone assessments, exposure was ceased at the end of embryogenesis (72 h post-fertilization, hpf) and analyzed immediately or grown to 0.5, 2, or 2.5 years post-fertilization (ypf). Gene expression was measured immediately after 1-72 hpf or 72-120 hpf exposure. Estradiol decreased in the 0.3 and 30 ppb groups in 0.5 ypf female brains, while dopamine decreased in the same treatment groups at 72 hpf. Increases were also observed in 2.5 ypf female brains (3 ppb) for estradiol and in 2 ypf female and male brains (3 and 30 ppb) for dopamine. Gene expression alterations occurred for the follicle-stimulating hormone () at 72 hpf and the growth hormone () at 72 and 120 hpf. Overall, results indicated that developmental atrazine exposure has immediate and long-term sex-specific effects on neurohormonal systems.
阿特拉津是一种内分泌干扰性除草剂，接触该物质会对多个内分泌途径的不良后果产生影响。本研究将神经内分泌系统作为阿特拉津毒性的主要靶点，研究早期发育暴露对与 kisspeptin、下丘脑、垂体和多巴胺系统相关的神经激素和基因的影响。斑马鱼在两个发育时间窗口内暴露于 0、0.3、3 或 30 ppb（微克/升）的阿特拉津中。对于神经激素评估，在胚胎发育结束时（受精后 72 小时，hpf）停止暴露，并立即进行分析，或者饲养至受精后 0.5、2 或 2.5 年（ypf）。在暴露 1 - 72 hpf 或 72 - 120 hpf 后立即测量基因表达。在 0.5 ypf 的雌性斑马鱼大脑中，0.3 和 30 ppb 组的雌二醇水平降低，而在相同处理组中，72 hpf 时多巴胺水平降低。在 2.5 ypf 的雌性斑马鱼大脑中（3 ppb）观察到雌二醇增加，在 2 ypf 的雌性和雄性斑马鱼大脑中（3 和 30 ppb）观察到多巴胺增加。在 72 hpf 时促卵泡激素（）和在 72 和 120 hpf 时生长激素（）出现基因表达改变。总体而言，结果表明发育过程中暴露于阿特拉津对神经激素系统具有即时和长期的性别特异性影响。
