Is There a Relationship Between Prenatal Dexamethasone and Postnatal Fructose Overexposure and Testicular Development, Function, and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Rats?

Prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure alters the developmental program of fetal reproductive organs and results in numerous changes that can lead to various disorders later in life. Moderate fructose consumption during childhood and adolescence may impair the development and function of reproductive organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal dexamethasone (Dx) exposure in combination with postnatal fructose overconsumption on testicular development and function in fetal and adult male rat offspring. Pregnant female rats were treated with a subcutaneous injection of Dx at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day on gestation days 16, 17, and 18, and the effects on fetal growth and testicular development were analyzed. Spontaneously born male offspring were fed 10% fructose in drinking water until the age of 3 months. Prenatal exposure to Dx led to a reduction in fetal weight and testicular volume. However, testicular development normalized by adulthood, with testosterone levels decreasing. After moderate fructose consumption, impaired redox homeostasis and structural changes in the testicles and decreased testosterone levels were observed, indicating reduced testicular function. The results suggest that the synergistic effect of prenatal Dx exposure and moderate postnatal fructose consumption leads to more deleterious changes in testicular tissue.