Khlebnikova Alina, Kirshina Anna, Zakharova Natalia, Ivanov Roman, Reshetnikov Vasiliy
Translational Medicine Research Center, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 6;25(23):13139. doi: 10.3390/ijms252313139.
Bacterial infections have accompanied humanity for centuries. The discovery of the first antibiotics and the subsequent golden era of their discovery temporarily shifted the balance in this confrontation to the side of humans. Nevertheless, the excessive and improper use of antibacterial drugs and the evolution of bacteria has gotten the better of humans again. Therefore, today, the search for new antibacterial drugs or the development of alternative approaches to the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections is relevant and topical again. Vaccination is one of the most effective strategies for the prevention of bacterial infections. The success of new-generation vaccines, such as mRNA vaccines, in the fight against viral infections has prompted many researchers to design mRNA vaccines against bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the biology of bacteria and their interactions with the host's immunity are much more complex compared to viruses. In this review, we discuss structural features and key mechanisms of evasion of an immune response for nine species of bacterial pathogens against which mRNA vaccines have been developed and tested in animals. We focus on the results of experiments involving the application of mRNA vaccines against various bacterial pathogens in animal models and discuss possible options for improving the vaccines' effectiveness. This is one of the first comprehensive reviews of the use of mRNA vaccines against bacterial infections in vivo to improve our knowledge.
几个世纪以来，细菌感染一直伴随着人类。第一种抗生素的发现以及随后抗生素发现的黄金时代，暂时将这场对抗的平衡转向了人类一方。然而，抗菌药物的过度和不当使用以及细菌的进化再次占据了上风。因此，如今，寻找新的抗菌药物或开发预防和治疗细菌感染的替代方法再次具有相关性和紧迫性。疫苗接种是预防细菌感染最有效的策略之一。新一代疫苗，如mRNA疫苗，在对抗病毒感染方面的成功促使许多研究人员设计针对细菌感染的mRNA疫苗。然而，与病毒相比，细菌的生物学特性及其与宿主免疫系统的相互作用要复杂得多。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了针对其已开发出mRNA疫苗并在动物身上进行测试的9种细菌病原体的结构特征和逃避免疫反应的关键机制。我们重点关注在动物模型中应用mRNA疫苗对抗各种细菌病原体的实验结果，并讨论提高疫苗有效性的可能方案。这是首批关于在体内使用mRNA疫苗对抗细菌感染以增进我们知识的全面综述之一。
