Alhamoud Mohammed Abdullah Saad, Julaih Fatimah Ali, Al-Aqil Hadi Dhafer Hadi, Almalki Naif Abdullah S, Alharthi Faisal Abdullah G, Alghamdi Ahmed Abdullah, Alshehri Sulaiman Ali K, Alqhtani Ahmad Saeed, Alasiri Mohammed Abdulrahman, Alaqil Abdullah Sulaiman, Alhumaidi Bandar Naffaa, Saraiva Ariana, Carrascosa Conrado, Raposo António
Ministry of Health, Abha 63521, Saudi Arabia.
College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Dec 4;12(23):2440. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12232440.
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent condition among women in Saudi Arabia, characterized by involuntary urine leakage during physical activities that increase abdominal pressure, such as coughing or sneezing. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SUI and identify its key risk factors.
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published up to July 2024, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Ten observational studies involving 18,245 participants met the inclusion criteria, and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model was employed for meta-analysis, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses performed to address heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence of SUI was 26% (95% CI: 14-41%, I = 99%, < 0.001), with rates ranging from 3.3% to 50%. Subgroup analysis showed a prevalence of 17% (95% CI: 1-42%, I = 99%, < 0.001) in the general population and 33% (95% CI: 19-48%, I = 99%, < 0.001) in specific groups, such as postpartum women and those with low back pain. Significant risk factors included age, obesity, high parity, and chronic conditions like diabetes. Despite high heterogeneity, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.
The findings underscore the need for public health strategies focused on weight management, pelvic floor rehabilitation, and increased awareness about SUI. Effective preventive measures could significantly reduce the burden of SUI and improve the quality of life for women in Saudi Arabia.
压力性尿失禁（SUI）在沙特阿拉伯女性中普遍存在，其特征是在诸如咳嗽或打喷嚏等增加腹压的身体活动期间出现不自主漏尿。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估SUI的患病率并确定其关键危险因素。
按照PRISMA 2020指南，对截至2024年7月发表的研究在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science上进行全面检索。
10项涉及18245名参与者的观察性研究符合纳入标准，并使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估研究质量。采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，并进行亚组分析和敏感性分析以解决异质性问题。SUI的合并患病率为26%（95%CI：14 - 41%，I² = 99%，P < 0.001），患病率范围为3.3%至50%。亚组分析显示，普通人群中的患病率为17%（95%CI：1 - 42%，I² = 99%，P < 0.001），产后妇女和腰痛患者等特定群体中的患病率为33%（95%CI：19 - 48%，I² = 99%，P < 0.001）。重要危险因素包括年龄、肥胖、多产以及糖尿病等慢性疾病。尽管异质性较高，但敏感性分析证实了这些发现的稳健性。
研究结果强调需要制定侧重于体重管理、盆底康复以及提高对SUI认识的公共卫生策略。有效的预防措施可显著减轻SUI的负担并改善沙特阿拉伯女性的生活质量。
