Sheraz Muhammad, Sun Xiao-Feng, Wang Yongke, Chen Jiayi, Sun Le
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Nov 21;24(23):7432. doi: 10.3390/s24237432.
Chronic and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for a large proportion of global disorders and mortality, posing significant burdens on healthcare systems. Early diagnosis and timely interference are critical for effective management and disease prevention. However, the traditional methods of diagnosis still suffer from high costs, time delays in processing, and infrastructure requirements that are usually unaffordable in resource-constrained settings. Aptamer-based biosensors have emerged as promising alternatives to offer enhanced specificity, stability, and cost-effectiveness for disease biomarker detection. The SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) methodology allows developing aptamers with high-affinity binding capabilities to a variety of targets, for instance proteins, cells, or even small molecules, hence rendering them suitable for NCD diagnosis. Aptasensors-recent developments in the electrochemical and optical dominion-offer much enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of detection across a diverse range of diseases from lung cancer and leukemia to diabetes and chronic respiratory disorders. This study provides a comprehensive review of progress in aptamer-based sensors, focusing on their role in point-of-care diagnostics and adaptability in a real-world environment with future directions in overcoming current limitations.
慢性非传染性疾病（NCDs）在全球疾病和死亡率中占很大比例，给医疗系统带来了巨大负担。早期诊断和及时干预对于有效管理和疾病预防至关重要。然而，传统的诊断方法仍然存在成本高、处理时间长以及基础设施要求高的问题，而在资源有限的环境中，这些要求通常是难以承受的。基于适体的生物传感器已成为有前景的替代方案，可为疾病生物标志物检测提供更高的特异性、稳定性和成本效益。指数富集配体系统进化（SELEX）方法能够开发出对多种靶标（如蛋白质、细胞甚至小分子）具有高亲和力结合能力的适体，因此使其适用于非传染性疾病的诊断。适体传感器——电化学和光学领域的最新进展——在从肺癌、白血病到糖尿病和慢性呼吸系统疾病等多种疾病的检测中提供了大大提高的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性。本研究全面回顾了基于适体的传感器的进展，重点关注它们在即时诊断中的作用以及在现实环境中的适应性，并探讨了克服当前局限性的未来方向。
