Precise Mechanical Oscillator Design and Calibration for Characterising Sub-Millimetre Movements in mmWave Radar Systems.

For many industrial and medical applications, measuring sub-millimetre movements has become crucial, for instance, for the precise guidance of surgical robots. The literature shows the feasibility of millimetre-wave (mmWave) radars to deal with such micro-vibrations. However, the availability of reference devices to configure and test these systems is very limited. This work proposes the design of a mechanical oscillator to characterise sub-millimetre vibration detection and measurement using a mmWave radar. The final implementation is fully controllable in both amplitude and frequency. Additionally, it can be wirelessly controlled and synchronised with other systems. Its functioning was experimentally calibrated and tested using the sub-millimetre motion capture system OptiTrack. It was tested to generate low-frequency oscillations from 0.80 Hz to 3.50 Hz with reliable peak amplitudes of 0.05 mm and above, with less than 6% peak amplitude relative error. Finally, the device was used to characterise a 60 GHz mmWave radar with those values.