Kandukuri Tharun Reddy, Liao Caizhi, Occhipinti Luigi G
Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Nov 25;24(23):7509. doi: 10.3390/s24237509.
Energy harvesting from natural sources, including bodily movements, vehicle engine vibrations, and ocean waves, poses challenges due to the broad range of frequency bands involved. Piezoelectric materials are frequently used in energy harvesters, although their effectiveness depends on aligning the device's natural frequency with the frequency of the target energy source. This study models energy harvesters customized for specific applications by adjusting their natural frequencies to match the required bandwidth. We evaluate commercially available piezoelectric transducers and model them using COMSOL Multiphysics alongside an equivalent spring-mass schematic approach, enabling precise adjustments to optimize energy capture. The proposed system achieves a maximum power output of 160 µW and a power density of 187.35 µW/cm3 at a natural frequency of 65 Hz. Furthermore, the theoretical maximum power density is calculated as 692.97 W/m3, demonstrating the system's potential for high energy efficiency under optimal conditions. Simulations are validated against experimental data to ensure accuracy. Our findings provide a design framework for optimizing energy harvester performance across diverse energy sources, leading to more efficient and application-specific devices for varied environmental conditions.
从包括身体运动、车辆发动机振动和海浪在内的自然源中收集能量，由于涉及的频带范围广泛而面临挑战。压电材料常用于能量收集器，不过其有效性取决于使设备的固有频率与目标能量源的频率相匹配。本研究通过调整能量收集器的固有频率以匹配所需带宽，对针对特定应用定制的能量收集器进行建模。我们评估市售的压电换能器，并使用COMSOL Multiphysics以及等效的弹簧 - 质量示意图方法对其进行建模，从而能够进行精确调整以优化能量捕获。所提出的系统在65Hz的固有频率下实现了160µW的最大功率输出和187.35µW/cm³的功率密度。此外，理论最大功率密度计算为692.97W/m³，表明该系统在最佳条件下具有高能效的潜力。通过与实验数据进行对比验证模拟结果，以确保准确性。我们的研究结果提供了一个设计框架，用于优化跨多种能源的能量收集器性能，从而为不同环境条件下开发更高效、特定应用的设备奠定基础。
